Comparative proteomics of whey proteins: New insights into quantitative differences between bovine, goat and camel species

Whey proteins are the leading proteins class in milk and play an essential role in the immune defense of neonatal mammals. The aim of this study was to analyze whey proteins in bovine, goat and camel milk by label free proteomics techniques. Finally, 840 proteins were identified, which considerably increasing the number of whey proteins identified in these species. The results of the PCA revealed significant differences in whey proteome patterns between bovine, goat and camel milk. Proteins such as PAEP, CST3, SERPING1, CTSB and GLG1 play an important role as markers in the classification of bovine, goat and camel milk. Statistical analysis showed that the relative abundances of many whey proteins such as ALB, LALBA, LTF and LPO were significantly different among different species. GO and KEGG functional analysis have shown that while the distribution of biological functions involved in whey proteins was relatively similar across species, they differed in terms of protein quantity. These data shed light on the quantitative differences and potential physiological functions of whey proteins across species, and may point the way to the production of specific functional whey proteins.

Automated summary

This study analyzed whey proteins in bovine, goat and camel milk using label-free proteomics techniques. A total of 840 proteins were identified, significantly increasing the number of whey proteins identified in these species. The study also revealed differences in whey proteome patterns between bovine, goat and camel milk, and identified specific proteins that act as markers for classification. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in the relative abundances of whey proteins among different species. GO and KEGG functional analysis indicated similar biological functions but varying protein quantities across species. These findings provide insights into the quantitative differences and potential physiological functions of whey proteins across species, and may have implications for the production of specific functional whey proteins.