Hydrolysis improves the inhibition efficacy of bovine lactoferrin against infection by SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus

Article Virology

Efficacy of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a meta-analysis

Jiawen Deng et al.

Summary: Hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine showed no efficacy in treating hospitalized COVID-19 patients and was associated with an increased probability of QT prolongations. Therefore, these drugs should not be used for this patient population.

FUTURE VIROLOGY (2022)

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Article Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science

Evaluating the in vitro efficacy of bovine lactoferrin products against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern

Jesse W. Wotring et al.

Summary: Bovine lactoferrin (bLF), a naturally occurring glycoprotein found in milk, has been found to strongly inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection through direct entry inhibition and immunomodulatory mechanisms. This study shows that bLF is effective against different strains of the virus, including the B.1.1.7 variant. The study also highlights the potential of lactoferrin as a clinical candidate for the treatment or prevention of SARS-CoV-2.

JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Biological activities of commercial bovine lactoferrin sources

Bo Lonnerdal et al.

Summary: In this study, lactoferrin samples from various manufacturers were evaluated for purity, protein form, and bioactivities. Results showed that lactoferrins vary in composition and absorption efficiency, with different effects on intestinal cell proliferation, differentiation, and IL-18 secretion. Pasteurization had varying impacts on lactoferrin integrity, uptake, and bioactivities, indicating the importance of assessing bioactivities when choosing a lactoferrin source for clinical trials.

BIOCHEMISTRY AND CELL BIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Hydroxychloroquine-mediated inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 entry is attenuated by TMPRSS2

Tianling Ou et al.

Summary: Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have been shown to inhibit viral infection by targeting different pathways through which the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is activated. SARS-CoV-2 relies more on the TMPRSS2 pathway for entry, while the presence of a furin-cleavage site in its spike protein further complicates the treatment with hydroxychloroquine alone. Combining hydroxychloroquine with a TMPRSS2 inhibitor may provide a more effective strategy to block SARS-CoV-2 infection.

PLOS PATHOGENS (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

A Peptide Bond from the Inter-lobe Segment in the Bilobal Lactoferrin Acts as a Preferred Site for Cleavage for Serine Proteases to Generate the Perfect C-lobe: Structure of the Pepsin Hydrolyzed Lactoferrin C-lobe at 2.28 angstrom Resolution

Jiya Singh et al.

Summary: The C-lobe of lactoferrin, representing the C-terminal half of the protein, can be cleaved to obtain a fully functional monoferric C-lobe through proteolysis, highlighting the highly advantageous conformation of the cleavage site.

PROTEIN JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Food Science & Technology

Influence of thermal processing on the physicochemical properties of bovine lactoferrin

David A. Goulding et al.

Summary: Thermal processing of lactoferrin solutions resulted in the formation of heat-induced, covalently-linked protein aggregates, accompanied by increased surface hydrophobicity, zeta-potential, and changes to the protein's secondary structure. Lactoferrin was irreversibly denatured upon heating, with a loss of its native red color.

INTERNATIONAL DAIRY JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Morphological cell profiling of SARS-CoV-2 infection identifies drug repurposing candidates for COVID-19

Carmen Mirabelli et al.

Summary: Drug repurposing is an effective method for rapidly identifying drugs against SARS-CoV-2. Research has found that lactoferrin can inhibit virus infection in multiple cell models, showing potential for treating COVID-19.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Cathepsin L plays a key role in SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans and humanized mice and is a promising target for new drug development

Miao-Miao Zhao et al.

Summary: CTSL plays a crucial role in COVID-19 patients, with its levels positively correlated with disease severity. Research showed that CTSL promotes SARS-CoV-2 virus entry into cells, and the CTSL inhibitor amantadine can inhibit this process, providing a direction for the development of new anti-COVID-19 drugs.

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY (2021)

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Review Microbiology

Coronavirus biology and replication: implications for SARS-CoV-2

Philip V'kovski et al.

Summary: This review discusses key aspects of coronavirus biology and their implications for SARS-CoV-2 infections, treatment, and prevention strategies. Understanding virus-host interactions at the molecular level is crucial for developing effective intervention strategies. Summarizing the discoveries of SARS-CoV-2 infection and comparing it with other coronaviruses will support future preparedness and combat strategies.

NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology