期刊
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION
卷 70, 期 12, 页码 12411-12416出版社
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2022.3210650
关键词
Loop-star decomposition; low-frequency behavior; low-frequency breakdown; low-frequency electromagnetic simulation; perfect electrically conducting (PEC) scatterer; vector potential integral equations (VPIEs)
资金
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [62201264]
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Office of Sponsored Research (OSR) [2019-CRG8-4056]
The low-frequency behavior of vector potential integral equations for perfect electrically conducting scatterers is investigated in this study. Two sets of equations are considered, with different boundary conditions on the vector potential. The analysis shows that one set of equations has incorrect frequency scaling and inaccurate results at low frequencies.
Low-frequency behavior of vector potential integral equations (VPIEs) for perfect electrically conducting (PEC) scatterers is investigated. Two equation sets are considered: the first set (VPIE-1) enforces the tangential component of the vector potential on the scatterer surface to be zero and uses the fundamental field relationship on its normal component. The second set (VPIE-2) uses the same condition as VPIE-1 for the tangential component of the vector potential but enforces its divergence to be zero. In both the sets, unknowns are the electric current and the normal component of the vector potential on the scatterer surface and are expanded using the Rao-Wilton-Glisson (RWG) and pulse basis functions, respectively. To achieve a conforming discretization, RWG, scalar Buffa-Christiansen (BC), and pulse testing functions are used. Theoretical and numerical analyses of the resulting matrix systems show that the electric current obtained by solving VPIE-1 has the wrong frequency scaling and is inaccurate at low frequencies.
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