4.3 Review

Homoarginine in the cardiovascular system: Pathophysiology and recent developments

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Summary: Dietary supplementation of the amino acid homoarginine (HA) may prevent cardiac remodeling and improve heart function in the setting of chronic kidney disease. HA treatment in rats undergoing 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx) led to improvements in ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and decreased myocardial fibrosis, left ventricular weight, and myocyte cross-sectional area. These changes were accompanied by downregulation of specific molecular factors related to heart function.

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ADMA and homoarginine independently predict mortality in critically ill patients

Tien F. Lee et al.

Summary: This study found that arginine metabolites are associated with mortality in critically ill patients. Specifically, asymmetric dimethyl-L-arginine (ADMA) is positively associated with mortality, while L-homoarginine is negatively associated. These associations are independent of other clinical factors, and measuring ADMA and homoarginine may improve the prediction of ICU mortality.

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Homoarginine treatment of rats improves cardiac function and remodeling in response to pressure overload

Vitali Koch et al.

Summary: This study found that HA treatment can improve cardiac function, reduce collagen accumulation, and produce positive molecular and tissue effects in the process of cardiac remodeling in rats. Combining HA with standard heart failure medication can further enhance the treatment effects.

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The Amino Acid Homoarginine Inhibits Atherogenesis by Modulating T-Cell Function

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Summary: Amino acid homoarginine reduces atherosclerosis by modulating the T-cell cytoskeleton and inhibiting T-cell functions. This finding provides a molecular explanation for the beneficial effects of homoarginine in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

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Short-Term Supplementation of Sodium Nitrate vs. Sodium Chloride Increases Homoarginine Synthesis in Young Men Independent of Exercise

Dimitrios Tsikas et al.

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Homoarginine Supplementation Prevents Left Ventricular Dilatation and Preserves Systolic Function in a Model of Coronary Artery Disease

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Homoarginine, kidney function and cardiovascular mortality risk

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Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies 3 Genomic Loci Significantly Associated With Serum Levels of Homoarginine The AtheroRemo Consortium

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Diminished Global Arginine Bioavailability as a Metabolic Defect in Chronic Systolic Heart Failure

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Leonard P. van der Zwan et al.

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Homoarginine and Mortality in Pre-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Patients

Pietro Ravani et al.

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Homoarginine, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death in haemodialysis patients

Christiane Drechsler et al.

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W. H. Wilson Tang et al.

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Structural evidence for a functional role of human tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase in bone mineralization

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Oral L-arginine in patients with coronary artery disease on medical management

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