Kinetic insights into deoxygenation of vegetable oils to produce second-generation biodiesel

The second generation of biodiesel produced through catalytic deoxygenation of the vegetable oil has been considered as one of ideal alternative fuels for the traditional fossil diesel, which can deal with the energy crisis and environmental pollution problems. This review integrates the important concepts of chemical kinetics including reaction mechanism, kinetic model, reaction condition, deactivation mechanism, and materials chemistry to facilitate the implementation for producing second-generation biodiesel from laboratory to in-dustrial production. The industrial production processes and related reaction pathways of the second-generation biodiesel from molecular and industrial standpoints were primarily introduced. This paper further discussed the kinetic effect of different kinds of reaction conditions for the deoxygenation process. Notably, the kinetic model of catalytic deoxygenation was also presented in detail. Moreover, common deactivation mechanisms were summarized and corresponding measures for prolonging catalyst lifetime were proposed to enhance the kinetic stability of the catalyst. This review aims to provide the chemical kinetic insights to boost the industrial deox-ygenation of vegetable oils.

Automated summary

This review integrates important concepts of chemical kinetics, introduces the industrial processes and reaction pathways of second-generation biodiesel, discusses the kinetic effects of different reaction conditions, and presents the kinetic model of catalytic deoxygenation.