Zinc biofortification of Genovese basil: Influence on mineral profile and estimated daily intake in adults and children

Despite the well-known beneficial function of Zn in human health, its deficiency is an increasingly recognized worldwide concern. In this work, we evaluated the agronomic biofortification of two basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) cultivars ('Aroma 2' and 'Eleonora') using nutrient solutions with different Zn concentrations (0, 12.5, 25, 37.5, and 50 mu M). We focused on the impact of biofortification on the mineral profile quantified by ICP OES. Compared to the control, biofortification treatments increased Zn concentration by 22.03 % (on average). Consumption of one serving of 50 mu M of Zn biofortified basil 'Aroma 2' guarantees an estimated daily intake (EDI) of 275.746 and 91.915 mu g day(-1) in adults and children, respectively. Furthermore, Zn biofortification positively affected the mineral profile of the leaves. Compared to the control, the B-50 dose of Zn (50 mu M of Zn) increased the EDI of macro and microelements in adults and children. This aspect highlights how biofortified basil consumption would improve consumers' nutritional status.

Automated summary

In this study, the agronomic biofortification of two basil cultivars with different Zn concentrations was evaluated, and the impact on mineral profile was quantified. Biofortification treatments increased Zn concentration by an average of 22.03%. Consuming biofortified basil provides a significant daily intake of Zn, and it positively affects the mineral profile. The findings highlight the potential of biofortified basil in improving consumers' nutritional status.