TPP-chitosomes as potential encapsulation system to protect carotenoid-rich extract obtained from carrot by-product: A comparison with liposomes and chitosomes

The objectives of this study were to extract bioactive compounds from carrot by-products and evaluate their chemical stability after encapsulation in liposomes (L) coated either with chitosan (Ch) or using sodium tripolyphosphate for chitosan complexation (TPP-Ch). The main compounds quantified in this study were carotenoids and total phenolic compounds, which reached encapsulation efficiencies higher than 75%. The TPP-Ch charged with carrot extract showed greater particle size (90.5 nm) and zeta potential (+22 mV) than vesicles without coating (68.0 nm and -2 mV, respectively), indicating that liposomes were successfully coated with chitosan. Regarding results of the carotenoid's encapsulated stability, TPP-Ch particles were more efficient preventing their degradation in all the experimental conditions studied (40 and 70 degrees C). It is significant that loaded TPP-Ch particles demonstrated similar results for the stability of carotenoid-rich extracts in ethanol, which would therefore be suitable for application in food industry or any aqueous matrices.

Automated summary

This study aimed to extract bioactive compounds from carrot by-products and evaluated their chemical stability after encapsulation in chitosan-coated TPP-Ch particles. The results showed that the encapsulation efficiency for carotenoids and total phenolic compounds reached over 75%. Furthermore, the TPP-Ch particles demonstrated better stability for carotenoids in various experimental conditions, making them suitable for application in the food industry and aqueous matrices.