Preparation of fatty acid-based ternary deep eutectic solvents: Application for determination of tetracycline residue in water, honey and milk samples by using vortex-assisted microextraction

Simple, rapid, low cost, selective, and sensitive analytical method was developed using fatty acid-based ternary deep eutectic solvents (TDESs) for extraction and determination of tetracycline in honey, milk and water samples by vortex assisted (VA) microextraction and UV-vis spectrophotometer. Four different TDES were prepared by combination of nonanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, decanoic, hexanoic acid, octanoic acid. Analytical parameters such as pH, TDES types and its molar ratio, dispersive solvent types and solvent volume and salt effect were optimized. VA-TDES method was good recovery of tetracycline in the samples from 94 to 99%. The LOD and LOQ values were found 1.0 and 3.3 mu g L-1, respectively. The linear range of calibration graph was 3.3-450 mu g L-1. Intra-day and inter-day precision was found 2.8-4.1% and 3.6-5.2%. Enhancement factor was found 109. The factorial design was drawn to evaluate the significant level of factors and effects of variables on the recovery of tetracycline. Standard addition method was used for the validation and accuracy of the method. Present VA-TDES method was successfully applied to real samples.

Automated summary

A simple, rapid, low cost, selective, and sensitive analytical method was developed using fatty acid-based ternary deep eutectic solvents (TDESs) for extraction and determination of tetracycline in honey, milk, and water samples by vortex assisted (VA) microextraction and UV-vis spectrophotometer. The method exhibited high recovery, low detection limit, wide linear range, and was successfully applied to real samples.