Discovery, preparation and characterization of lipid-lowering alkylphenol derivatives from Syzygium jambos fruit

The chemical characteristics and hypolipidemic effects of alkylphenols in the fruit of Syzygium jambos were investigated in this study. Three cardanols (1-3; 1 as a new compound) and three alkylresorcinols (4-6) were isolated and identified from S. jambos fruit. Cardanols 1 and 2 (10-40 mu M) suppressed lipids accumulation and reduced triglyceride content in oleic acid-overloaded HepG2 cells via the activation of AMPK/PPAR alpha signaling pathways. Furthermore, the biological distribution of cardanols after an oral intake in mice was investigated. Compound 2 was detected in mice plasma, feces, and adipose tissues after a single oral intake (80 mg/kg body weight). In addition, an alkylphenols-enriched S. jambos fruit extract containing two bioactive compounds (95.9 and 198.6 mu g/mg of compounds 1 and 2, respectively) was prepared. Findings from the current study highlight the potential usage of cardanols as well as S. jambos fruit for the management of dyslipidemia.

Automated summary

This study investigated the chemical characteristics and hypolipidemic effects of alkylphenols in the fruit of Syzygium jambos. Cardanols and alkylresorcinols were isolated and identified, and cardanols were found to suppress lipids accumulation and reduce triglyceride content via the activation of AMPK/PPARα signaling pathways. Furthermore, the distribution of cardanols in mice after oral intake was studied. The findings highlight the potential usage of cardanols and Syzygium jambos fruit for the management of dyslipidemia.