☆ 4.5 Review

The tumor microenvironment and triple-negative breast cancer aggressiveness: shedding light on mechanisms and targeting

EXPERT OPINION ON THERAPEUTIC TARGETS (2022)

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Article Oncology

Cancer statistics, 2022

Rebecca L. Siegel et al.

Summary: Each year, the American Cancer Society compiles data on cancer occurrence and outcomes in the United States. The latest data shows that breast and prostate cancer progress has stagnated, while lung cancer has shown improvements in survival rates. Lung cancer incidence for advanced disease has declined while localized-stage rates have increased, resulting in higher survival rates. Mortality patterns align with incidence trends, with lung cancer deaths declining rapidly, breast cancer deaths slowing, and prostate cancer deaths stabilizing.

CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS (2022)

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Article Oncology

Landscape of cancer-associated fibroblasts identifies the secreted biglycan as a protumor and immunosuppressive factor in triple-negative breast cancer

Shaoquan Zheng et al.

Summary: This study reveals the important role of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in TNBC and their correlation with tumor progression and the tumor microenvironment. The researchers also identify biglycan (BGN), a soluble secreted protein, as an upregulated marker in CAFs and suggest its potential as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target in TNBC.

ONCOIMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Review Oncology

Tumor-Associated Macrophages: Key Players in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Xia Qiu et al.

Summary: TNBC is a subtype of breast cancer that lacks ER, PR, and HER-2 receptors. TAMs are macrophages infiltrating the tumor, derived from circulating blood mononuclear cells, and play a role in the occurrence and metastasis of TNBC, possibly serving as potential biomarkers for prognosis prediction.

FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY (2022)

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Review Oncology

The role of Th17 cells in the pathogenesis and treatment of breast cancer

Vahid Karpisheh et al.

Summary: Th17 cells play a crucial role in breast cancer progression by creating inflammatory conditions. The cytokines secreted by Th17 cells are closely related to cancer stem cells and tumor microenvironment.

CANCER CELL INTERNATIONAL (2022)

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Article Oncology

Chemotherapy coupled to macrophage inhibition induces T-cell and B-cell infiltration and durable regression in triple-negative breast cancer

Swarnima Singh et al.

CANCER RESEARCH (2022)

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Article Oncology

Extracellular ATP promotes angiogenesis and adhesion of TNBC cells to endothelial cells via upregulation of CTGF

Yan-Ting Zhou et al.

Summary: Extracellular ATP promotes the migration, angiogenesis, adhesion, and transmigration ability of TNBC cells and endothelial cells through upregulation of CTGF, thereby stimulating TNBC metastasis. Extracellular ATP or CTGF could be an effective target for TNBC therapy.

CANCER SCIENCE (2022)

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Review Genetics & Heredity

Functions and consequences of AID/APOBEC-mediated DNA and RNA deamination

Riccardo Pecori et al.

Summary: The AID/APOBEC polynucleotide cytidine deaminases have diverse functions as both DNA mutators and RNA editors, and their strict functional classification needs to be reconsidered. Understanding the structural differences and similarities between these enzymes will contribute to improving the design of programmable base editors for therapeutic purposes.

NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Trastuzumab Deruxtecan versus Trastuzumab Emtansine for Breast Cancer

J. Cortes et al.

Summary: Among patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer previously treated with trastuzumab and a taxane, trastuzumab deruxtecan was associated with a lower risk of disease progression or death compared to trastuzumab emtansine. However, treatment with trastuzumab deruxtecan was associated with interstitial lung disease and pneumonitis.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Extracellular vesicles from triple negative breast cancer promote pro-inflammatory macrophages associated with better clinical outcome

Mercedes Tkach et al.

Summary: Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles and soluble molecules can promote the differentiation of monocytes into different types of macrophages. While the vesicles specifically promote proinflammatory macrophages, the soluble molecules direct the differentiation of a specific macrophage subset through certain activation pathways. The presence of macrophages expressing the vesicle-induced signature in breast cancer patients' TAMs is associated with T cell infiltration and extended patient survival.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2022)

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Article Cell Biology

A single-cell transcriptomic landscape of innate and adaptive intratumoral immunity in triple negative breast cancer during chemo- and immunotherapies

Laura Carpen et al.

Summary: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide and current treatment options depend on histological type, molecular markers, and clinical aggressiveness. Immunotherapy has shown synergistic clinical activity with chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer. This study used single-cell RNA sequencing technology to assess the immune landscape in two TNBC mouse models, identifying changes in immune cells under different treatment conditions, providing new insights for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.

CELL DEATH DISCOVERY (2022)

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Article Cell Biology

Tumor-associated macrophages promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the cancer stem cell properties in triple-negative breast cancer through CCL2/AKT/β-catenin signaling

Xiangzhou Chen et al.

Summary: This study reveals a novel mechanism by which TAMs promote EMT and enhance CSC properties in TNBC via activation of CCL2/AKT/beta-catenin signaling, providing new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of TNBC.

CELL COMMUNICATION AND SIGNALING (2022)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Triple-negative breast cancer drug resistance, durable efficacy, and cure: how advanced biological insights and emerging drug modalities could transform progress

Ernestina Marianna De Francesco et al.

Summary: Understanding the mechanisms of TNBC chemoresistance and exploring novel potential targets and methods for delivering chemotherapy are crucial for overcoming treatment hurdles and improving patient outcomes.

EXPERT OPINION ON THERAPEUTIC TARGETS (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Trastuzumab Deruxtecan in Previously Treated HER2-Low Advanced Breast Cancer

Shanu Modi et al.

Summary: Trastuzumab deruxtecan demonstrated significantly longer progression-free and overall survival compared to physician's choice chemotherapy in patients with HER2-low metastatic breast cancer.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Immunology

Macrophage diversity in cancer revisited in the era of single-cell omics

Ruo-Yu Ma et al.

Summary: This article reviews recent studies on the molecular diversity of TAMs and proposes a consensus model for TAM diversity, as well as future research directions.

TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Biochemical Research Methods

Simulations of tumor growth and response to immunotherapy by coupling a spatial agentbased model with a whole-patient quantitative systems pharmacology model

Alvaro Ruiz-Martinez et al.

Summary: This study extends the spatial QSP model to analyze tumor growth dynamics and immune therapy response, which functions as a coarse-grained model at the whole-tumor scale and an agent-based model at the regions of interest scale. The model characterizes tumor growth, identifies T cell hotspots, and performs qualitative and quantitative descriptions of cell density at the invasive front of the tumor.

PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Dynamics of tumor-associated macrophages in a quantitative systems pharmacology model of immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer

Hanwen Wang et al.

Summary: Quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) modeling is an emerging computational approach that combines drug kinetics/dynamics and disease progression. It has shown importance in drug development, particularly in complex cases such as TNBC. Incorporating the dynamics of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) into the QSP model can help understand their impact on cancer treatment. Despite its complexity, the modularized QSP platform is reproducible and applicable for clinical trial simulation.

ISCIENCE (2022)

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Review Physiology

LYMPHATIC VESSELS IN CANCER

Lothar C. Dieterich et al.

Summary: The lymphatic system is an important transport system in the human body, playing a crucial role in normal physiology and disease pathogenesis. The role of tumor-associated lymphatic vessels and lymphangiogenesis in lymph node metastasis has been well studied, but the mechanisms and relationship between lymphatic vessels and the dissemination of cancer cells to peripheral organs are still not fully understood. Lymphatic vessels also serve as a communication channel between tumors and the host immune system. Lymphatic endothelial cells have recently been recognized as regulators of tumor immunity and immunotherapy responsiveness.

PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS (2022)

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Article Oncology

Single-cell analyses reveal key immune cell subsets associated with response to PD-L1 blockade in triple-negative breast cancer

Yuanyuan Zhang et al.

Summary: The study indicates that high levels of baseline CXCL13(+) T cells are associated with effective responses to combination therapy in triple-negative breast cancer patients. These cells increase following combination therapy but decrease after monotherapy, highlighting their importance in predicting treatment outcomes.

CANCER CELL (2021)

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Review Immunology

Regulatory B cells in cancer

Daniel Michaud et al.

Summary: Tumorigenesis involves genetic mutations and changes in the microenvironment, with immune cells in tumors playing a role in promoting tumor growth. Recent studies have shed light on the mechanisms of how B cells regulate immune responses, with negative regulation potentially impacting anti-tumor immune function through cytokine production.

IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Cell type-selective secretome profiling in vivo

Wei Wei et al.

Summary: This study introduced a proximity biotinylation strategy to label, detect, and enrich secreted polypeptides in a cell type-selective manner in mice, resulting in a proteomic atlas of secretomes from various cell types. The research confirmed known cell type-protein pairs, identified new secreted polypeptides distinguishing between cell types, and uncovered a dynamic nutrient-dependent reprogramming of hepatocyte secretome. The strategy enables dynamic and cell type-specific dissection of the plasma proteome and intercellular signaling mediators.

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Pan-cancer single cell landscape of tumor-infiltrating T cells

Liangtao Zheng et al.

Summary: This study constructed a pan-cancer atlas of T cells across 21 cancer types, revealing different composition patterns and state-transition paths of T cells. The correlation between certain T cell populations and patient characteristics sheds light on possible determinants of the tumor microenvironment, providing new insights into T cell immunity and precision immunotherapy.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Oncology

Prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating B lymphocytes and plasma cells in triple-negative breast cancer

Hajime Kuroda et al.

Summary: The study showed that a high density of sCD20 + TILs was significantly associated with favorable prognosis in both RFS and OS, while increased sCD38 + TILs in TNBC correlated with a significantly favorable prognosis in RFS. On the other hand, iCD38, iCD138, and sCD138 were not significantly correlated with RFS or OS in TNBC patients.

BREAST CANCER (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

A single-cell RNA expression atlas of normal, preneoplastic and tumorigenic states in the human breast

Bhupinder Pal et al.

Summary: Global changes in breast heterogeneity were examined across different states through single-cell transcriptome analysis, revealing notable variations in the stroma of post-menopausal women and a discrete subset of cycling cells in tumor samples. Comparison between preneoplastic BRCA1(+/-) tissue and tumors highlighted global changes in the immune microenvironment. Proliferative CD8(+) T cells were found to characterize certain breast cancer subtypes, suggesting potential differences in immunotherapy targets.

EMBO JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Oncology

Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals cell heterogeneity and transcriptome profile of breast cancer lymph node metastasis

Kun Xu et al.

Summary: This study utilized single-cell sequencing to analyze the transcriptome profile of breast cancer lymph node metastasis, identifying key breast cancer stem cells and their evolution, as well as revealing the interactions between breast cancer cells and tumor microenvironment cells.

ONCOGENESIS (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

S100A4 Is Involved in Stimulatory Effects Elicited by the FGF2/FGFR1 Signaling Pathway in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Cells

Maria Francesca Santolla et al.

Summary: The study identified higher expression levels of FGF2 and S100A4 in TNBC patients compared to non-TNBC patients, and demonstrated that FGF2 induces the upregulation and secretion of S100A4 in TNBC cells via FGFR1 signaling pathway. This activation leads to angiogenic effects in vascular endothelial cells and promotes the migration of cancer-associated fibroblasts in TNBC.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

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Review Oncology

The tale of TILs in breast cancer: A report from The International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group

Khalid El Bairi et al.

Summary: The use of immune-checkpoint inhibitors has significantly improved survival in cancer patients, including a subgroup of women with breast cancer who may benefit from this treatment. Studies have shown that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are associated with response to both cytotoxic treatments and immunotherapy, particularly in patients with triple-negative breast cancer.

NPJ BREAST CANCER (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

A single-cell map of intratumoral changes during anti-PD1 treatment of patients with breast cancer

Ayse Bassez et al.

Summary: The study found that in breast cancer patients, anti-PD1 treatment can lead to clonal expansion of PD1-expressing T cells in a subset of tumors, regardless of tumor subtype. The expansion mainly involves CD8(+) T cells and CD4(+) T cells with distinct immune cell characteristics.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Oncology

Anti-angiogenic agents - overcoming tumour endothelial cell anergy and improving immunotherapy outcomes

Zowi R. Huinen et al.

Summary: Anti-angiogenic therapy has the potential to enhance antitumor immunity by inhibiting immunosuppressive features of angiogenesis. Combinations of anti-angiogenic agents and immunotherapy have shown success in clinical trials and have been approved by the FDA. The article discusses the impact of angiogenesis on antitumor immunity, the role of endothelial cells, and the progress in combining anti-angiogenic agents with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

NATURE REVIEWS CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

CCL8 mediates crosstalk between endothelial colony forming cells and triple-negative breast cancer cells through IL-8, aggravating invasion and tumorigenicity

Eun-Sook Kim et al.

Summary: The study reveals that the interaction between CCL8 and IL-8 plays a key role in promoting the aggressiveness of TNBC through communication between ECFCs and TNBC cells. High levels of IL-8 correlate with poor recurrence-free survival in TNBC patients.

ONCOGENE (2021)

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Review Oncology

Emerging Therapeutics for Patients with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Elisa Agostinetto et al.

Summary: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for approximately 10-15% of all breast cancers and is associated with a poor prognosis. Recent emerging therapies such as new post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy strategies, PARP inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and combination therapies are showing promise in improving patient outcomes for TNBC. The treatment landscape for TNBC is evolving towards a more personalized approach with the expectation of better outcomes.

CURRENT ONCOLOGY REPORTS (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Atlas of breast cancer infiltrated B-lymphocytes revealed by paired single-cell RNA-sequencing and antigen receptor profiling

Qingtao Hu et al.

Summary: Characterization of tumor-infiltrated B cells in breast tumors through single-cell RNA sequencing and antigen receptor analysis reveals significant heterogeneity and features of infiltrated B cells. Results suggest local differentiation of infiltrated B cells within breast tumors. B cell signatures based on single-cell RNA sequencing results are associated with survival in breast tumor patients.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Oncology

Tumor-Infiltrating B Lymphocyte Profiling Identifies IgG-Biased, Clonally Expanded Prognostic Phenotypes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Robert J. Harris et al.

Summary: In triple-negative breast cancer, tumor-infiltrating B lymphocytes form clusters and undergo activation, proliferation, and isotype switching driven by the B-cell receptor. Clonally expanded, IgG isotype-biased humoral immunity in TNBC is associated with favorable prognosis.

CANCER RESEARCH (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Fibroblasts: Origins, definitions, and functions in health and disease

Maksim Plikus et al.

Summary: Fibroblasts are diverse mesenchymal cells that play a role in tissue homeostasis and disease, producing complex extracellular matrix and creating signaling niches. They are transcriptionally and functionally heterogeneous across and within organs, encoding positional information and maintaining distinct cellular progeny. Their unique properties make them poised for tissue repair but can also drive fibrotic disorders if activated aberrantly.

CELL (2021)

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Article Genetics & Heredity

A single-cell and spatially resolved atlas of human breast cancers

Sunny Z. Wu et al.

Summary: This study presents a comprehensive transcriptional atlas of the cellular architecture of breast cancer, identifying recurrent neoplastic cell heterogeneity and new immune cell populations associated with clinical outcomes. A multi-omic atlas integrates single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, and immunophenotyping to stratify breast cancer into nine ecotypes with unique cellular compositions and clinical outcomes.

NATURE GENETICS (2021)

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Review Genetics & Heredity

Integrating single-cell and spatial transcriptomics to elucidate intercellular tissue dynamics

Sophia K. Longo et al.

Summary: Integrating single-cell RNA sequencing with spatial transcriptomics allows for the localization of transcriptionally characterized single cells within their native tissue context. While scRNA-seq identifies cell subpopulations within tissue, it does not capture their spatial distribution or reveal local networks of intercellular communication. Recent techniques like multiplexed in situ hybridization and in situ sequencing, defined as high-plex RNA imaging, can help address these limitations. However, the need for approaches to integrate single-cell and spatial data remains, given that no current method provides as complete a scope of the transcriptome as scRNA-seq.

NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

NK and NKT cells have distinct properties and functions in cancer

Xia Liu et al.

Summary: NK and NKT cells exhibit distinct properties and functions during tumor development. While NK cells become senescent cells in later cancer stages, NKT cells, especially iNKT cells, develop increased activation within the tumor microenvironment. Exhausted NKT cells display unbalanced metabolism in tumor microenvironments of both breast cancer and melanoma tumor models.

ONCOGENE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Therapeutic inhibition of USP9x-mediated Notch signaling in triple-negative breast cancer

Arushi Jaiswal et al.

Summary: The study suggests that inhibition of USP9x can treat TNBC by reducing Notch activity, decreasing tumor inflammation, enhancing antitumor immune response, and suppressing tumor growth. Pharmacological inhibition of USP9x can remodel the tumor immune landscape, reduce tumor growth without toxicity, and target Notch in metabolically vulnerable tissues like TNBC.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

ICAM1 initiates CTC cluster formation and trans-endothelial migration in lung metastasis of breast cancer

Rokana Taftaf et al.

Summary: CTC clusters are more efficient in mediating metastasis and ICAM1 may be a novel therapeutic target for the initiation of TNBC metastasis.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Neoantigens elicit T cell responses in breast cancer

Takafumi Morisaki et al.

Summary: The study identified a positive correlation between neoantigen load and total number of mutations in breast cancer cells. In vitro coculture of neoantigen-peptide pulsed dendritic cells with lymphocytes successfully induced cytotoxic T lymphocytes. These results suggest the potential utility of neoantigen analysis in developing T cell response strategies.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

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Article Oncology

Tumor Extracellular Vesicles Regulate Macrophage-Driven Metastasis through CCL5

Daniel C. Rabe et al.

Summary: TNBC is a subtype of breast cancer lacking ER, PR, and HER2 receptors. Tumors are infiltrated by TAMs promoting tumorigenesis. Study shows how tumors recruit macrophages through EVs, altering macrophage phenotype and driving metastasis. EVs could serve as biomarkers and play a role in modulating tumor immune response.

CANCERS (2021)

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Review Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Tumor-on-a-chip: from bioinspired design to biomedical application

Xingxing Liu et al.

Summary: Tumor-on-a-chip devices provide a promising platform for mimicking the complex tumor microenvironment and have the potential to bridge the gap between basic research and clinical applications in cancer biology and therapy. These emerging platforms, integrating 3D cell culture, microfluidic technology, and tissue engineering, offer new insights into the mechanisms of tumor evolution, drug screening, and cancer treatment development.

MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING (2021)

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Article Oncology

Bevacizumab improves tumor infiltration of mature dendritic cells and effector T-cells in triple-negative breast cancer patients

Yves Boucher et al.

Summary: The study showed that a single dose of bevacizumab can reduce the density of angiopoietin-2-positive vessels and increase the infiltration of immune cells in patients with primary triple-negative breast cancer, suggesting a potential rationale for combining bevacizumab with immune checkpoint blockers in neoadjuvant treatment to improve efficacy.

NPJ PRECISION ONCOLOGY (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells as immunosuppressive regulators and therapeutic targets in cancer

Kai Li et al.

Summary: MDSCs are a group of immunosuppressive cells that play a crucial role in tumor progression, affecting tumor development through various pathways and interfering with the efficacy of current anti-tumor therapies. Targeting MDSCs is a promising strategy for future cancer treatment.

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY (2021)

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Article Oncology

Inhibition of stromal biglycan promotes normalization of the tumor microenvironment and enhances chemotherapeutic efficacy

Li Cong et al.

Summary: The study suggests that targeting stromal biglycan may have a potent and superior anticancer effect in breast cancer patients. High expression of biglycan in breast cancer patients is associated with worse distant metastasis-free survival. Knockout of biglycan in the stroma can inhibit metastasis and tumor angiogenesis.

BREAST CANCER RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Oncology

FDA Approval Summary: Accelerated Approval of Sacituzumab Govitecan-hziy for Third-line Treatment of Metastatic Triple-negative Breast Cancer

Sakar Wahby et al.

Summary: FDA granted accelerated approval to Sacituzumab Govitecan-hziy for the treatment of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. Data showed an objective response rate of 33.3% and a median duration of response of 7.7 months, supporting the approval.

CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Oncology

Targeting immunosuppressive macrophages overcomes PARP inhibitor resistance in BRCA1-associated triple-negative breast cancer

Anita K. Mehta et al.

Summary: The study reveals that PARP inhibition affects macrophage metabolism and function in BRCA-associated TNBC, and combining PARP inhibition with CSF1R blockade therapy enhances antitumor immunity and prolongs survival. Targeting macrophage-mediated immune suppression can improve the efficacy of PARP inhibitors.

NATURE CANCER (2021)

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Review Oncology

Antigen presentation in cancer: insights into tumour immunogenicity and immune evasion

Suchit Jhunjhunwala et al.

Summary: This review discusses the importance of antigen presentation in the success of immune checkpoint inhibition therapy and mechanisms by which tumors evade immune recognition. Tumors evade immune recognition by modulating antigen expression and altering antigen presentation.

NATURE REVIEWS CANCER (2021)

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Review Immunology

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the era of increasing myeloid cell diversity

Filippo Veglia et al.

Summary: MDSCs are pathologically activated cells with potent immunosuppressive activity, closely associated with poor clinical outcomes in diseases like cancer. Recent studies have identified key distinctions between MDSCs and classical neutrophils and monocytes, providing new insights into therapeutic targeting for cancer and autoimmune diseases through understanding their genomic and metabolic characteristics. Emerging data also suggest potential involvement of MDSCs in pregnancy, neonatal biology, and COVID-19.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Oncology

Atezolizumab plus nab-paclitaxel as first-line treatment for unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (IMpassion130): updated efficacy results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial

Peter Schmid et al.

LANCET ONCOLOGY (2020)

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Article Oncology

Prevalence and mutational determinants of high tumor mutation burden in breast cancer

R. Barroso-Sousa et al.

ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY (2020)

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Article Oncology

An Integrated Gene Expression Landscape Profiling Approach to Identify Lung Tumor Endothelial Cell Heterogeneity and Angiogenic Candidates

Jermaine Goveia et al.

CANCER CELL (2020)

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Article Oncology

Clinical relevance of systemic monocytic-MDSCs in patients with metastatic breast cancer

Caroline Bergenfelz et al.

CANCER IMMUNOLOGY IMMUNOTHERAPY (2020)

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Article Oncology

Breast Cancer Cell-Derived Soluble CD44 Promotes Tumor Progression by Triggering Macrophage IL1β Production

Jeong-Hoon Jang et al.

CANCER RESEARCH (2020)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The significance of exosomes in the development and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

Xin Li et al.

MOLECULAR CANCER (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Pembrolizumab for Early Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Peter Schmid et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Oncology

Cytokines secreted by stromal cells in TNBC microenvironment as potential targets for cancer therapy

Marie K. Malone et al.

CANCER BIOLOGY & THERAPY (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Complement Signals Determine Opposite Effects of B Cells in Chemotherapy-Induced Immunity

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CELL (2020)

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Cancer associated fibroblasts: role in breast cancer and potential as therapeutic targets

Rosamaria Lappano et al.

EXPERT OPINION ON THERAPEUTIC TARGETS (2020)

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Article Immunology

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of Tumor-Infiltrating NK Cells Reveals that Inhibition of Transcription Factor HIF-1α Unleashes NK Cell Activity

Jing Ni et al.

IMMUNITY (2020)

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Review Immunology

Sensitizing the Tumor Microenvironment to Immune Checkpoint Therapy

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FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Review Immunology

Unleashing Natural Killer Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment-The Next Generation of Immunotherapy?

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PIK3Cδ expression by fibroblasts promotes triple-negative breast cancer progression

Teresa Gagliano et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2020)

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NPM1 upregulates the transcription of PD-L1 and suppresses T cell activity in triple-negative breast cancer

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Single-Cell Analysis Reveals Fibroblast Clusters Linked to Immunotherapy Resistance in Cancer

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Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis of Tumor-Derived Fibroblasts and Normal Tissue-Resident Fibroblasts Reveals Fibroblast Heterogeneity in Breast Cancer

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Stromal cell diversity associated with immune evasion in human triple-negative breast cancer

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Role of Tumor-Associated Myeloid Cells in Breast Cancer

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CELLS (2020)

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Article Cell Biology

Cancer cells educate natural killer cells to a metastasis-promoting cell state

Isaac S. Chan et al.

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Breast cancer-associated macrophages promote tumorigenesis by suppressing succinate dehydrogenase in tumor cells

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Article Physiology

Digital Pathology Analysis Quantifies Spatial Heterogeneity of CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, and FoxP3 Immune Markers in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Haoyang Mi et al.

FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Oncology

Targeting IL-3R alpha on tumor-derived endothelial cells blunts metastatic spread of triple-negative breast cancer via extracellular vesicle reprogramming

Tatiana Lopatina et al.

ONCOGENESIS (2020)

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Review Oncology

Perspectives on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Current Treatment Strategies, Unmet Needs, and Potential Targets for Future Therapies

Gagan K. Gupta et al.

CANCERS (2020)

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Review Cell Biology

Tumor Endothelial Cells (TECs) as Potential Immune Directors of the Tumor Microenvironment - New Findings and Future Perspectives

Laurenz Nagl et al.

FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Oncology

Regulation of the tumor immune microenvironment and vascular normalization in TNBC murine models by a novel peptide

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Cross-Species Single-Cell Analysis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Reveals Antigen-Presenting Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts

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B Cells and T Follicular Helper Cells Mediate Response to Checkpoint Inhibitors in High Mutation Burden Mouse Models of Breast Cancer

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Association between p53 Expression and Amount of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

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MiR-770 suppresses the chemo-resistance and metastasis of triple negative breast cancer via direct targeting of STMN1

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Inherited Mutations in 17 Breast Cancer Susceptibility Genes Among a Large Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cohort Unselected for Family History of Breast Cancer

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Somatic mutation load of estrogen receptor-positive breast tumors predicts overall survival: an analysis of genome sequence data

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High infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages in triple-negative breast cancer is associated with a higher risk of distant metastasis

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Human memory T cells: generation, compartmentalization and homeostasis

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Tumor Promotion by Intratumoral Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Is Reversed by TLR7 Ligand Treatment

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Impaired IFN-α Production by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Favors Regulatory T-cell Expansion That May Contribute to Breast Cancer Progression

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Monocyte-derived dendritic cells from breast cancer patients are biased to induce CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells

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Hedgehog Overexpression Is Associated with Stromal Interactions and Predicts for Poor Outcome in Breast Cancer

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The cytokine milieu in the interplay of pathogenic Th1/Th17 cells and regulatory T cells in autoimmune disease

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CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY (2010)

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Molecular Stratification of Triple-Negative Breast Cancers

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Supervised Risk Predictor of Breast Cancer Based on Intrinsic Subtypes

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CTGF enhances the motility of breast cancer cells via an integrin-αvβ3-ERK1/2-dependent S100A4-upregulated pathway

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Dendritic cell infiltration and prognosis of early stage breast cancer

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