4.3 Review

Placental adaptations supporting fetal growth during normal and adverse gestational environments

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Integrated Placental Modelling of Histology with Gene Expression to Identify Functional Impact on Fetal Growth

Hannah Ee Juen Yong et al.

Summary: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. This study explores the relationship between placental structure and function in healthy and FGR pregnancies through predictive modeling. The findings provide new insights into the etiology of FGR.
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Diet-induced maternal obesity impacts feto-placental growth and induces sex-specific alterations in placental morphology, mitochondrial bioenergetics, dynamics, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in mice

Tina Napso et al.

Summary: The study found that maternal obesity has a sex-dependent impact on placental phenotype, affecting fetal growth and substrate supply. These findings have implications for the design of personalized interventions or therapies for obese pregnant women.

ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA (2022)

Article Cell Biology

The imprinted Igf2-Igf2r axis is critical for matching placental microvasculature expansion to fetal growth

Ionel Sandovici et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates the vital role of endothelial and fetus-derived IGF2 in the expansion of the feto-placental microvasculature and trophoblast morphogenesis. It reveals that fetal signals play an important role in controlling placental development and highlights the significance of the imprinted Igf2-Igf2r axis in matching placental development to fetal growth.

DEVELOPMENTAL CELL (2022)

Article Reproductive Biology

Placental structure, function and mitochondrial phenotype relate to fetal size in each fetal sex in mice

Esteban Salazar-Petres et al.

Summary: In normal mouse pregnancy, placental structure, function, and mitochondrial phenotype respond differently to the growth of female and male fetuses. This study may provide design references for sex-specific therapies for placental insufficiency and fetal growth abnormalities, which could benefit the offspring throughout their lives.

BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION (2022)

Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

Sex-Selective Increase of IGF-2 Expression in the Hypoxic Guinea Pig Placenta of Growth-Restricted Fetuses

Emad A. Elsamadicy et al.

Summary: Chronic hypoxia can affect fetal growth restriction through regulating protein expression of the IGF-2 pathway in the placenta, and female placenta exhibits a greater sensitivity to chronic hypoxia.

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES (2022)

Review Cell Biology

Human placental development and function

Tereza Cindrova-Davies et al.

Summary: The placenta plays a critical role in the health of the fetus and its mother. However, our understanding of placental development is limited due to ethical restrictions and lack of suitable models. This review discusses current knowledge of early human placental development, emphasizing the role of the maternal endometrium and fetal-maternal dialogue, and introduces the latest cell models.

SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (2022)

Article Oncology

Maternal obesity inhibits placental angiogenesis by down-regulating the SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway

Huilin Peng et al.

Summary: The study aims to explore whether maternal obesity inhibits placental angiogenesis through down-regulation of the SIRT1/PGC-1 alpha signaling pathway. The results showed that maternal obesity resulted in decreased placental angiogenesis and impaired proliferation and migration capacity of HUVECs.

ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2022)

Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Maternal High-Fat Diet Impairs Placental Fatty Acid β-Oxidation and Metabolic Homeostasis in the Offspring

Ling Zhang et al.

Summary: Maternal overnutrition can affect fetal growth and increase the risk of obesity and diabetes in offspring. Placental fatty acid metabolism is important in pregnancy and fetal health. Placental fatty acid beta-oxidation (FAO) may regulate the effects of maternal overnutrition on glucose metabolism in offspring through the AMPK signaling pathway.

FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION (2022)

Article Physiology

Obesogenic diet in mice compromises maternal metabolic physiology and lactation ability leading to reductions in neonatal viability

Samantha C. Lean et al.

Summary: Diets containing high levels of fat and sugar can have negative effects on pregnancy and newborns, including changes in maternal metabolism, fetal hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, and abnormal development of mammary glands and placenta. These findings highlight the importance of improving dietary habits.

ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA (2022)

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Maternal gut microbiota Bifidobacterium promotes placental morphogenesis, nutrient transport and fetal growth in mice

Jorge Lopez-Tello et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that the bacterium Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003, a key member of the maternal gut microbiota, modulates maternal body adaptations, placental structure, and nutrient transporter capacity, with implications for fetal metabolism and growth.

CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES (2022)

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Chronic Hypoxia in Ovine Pregnancy Recapitulates Physiological and Molecular Markers of Preeclampsia in the Mother, Placenta, and Offspring

Wen Tong et al.

Summary: This study investigated the inter-relationship between chronic hypoxia during pregnancy and maternal, placental, and fetal outcomes, common in preeclampsia. The results showed that chronic hypoxia in ovine pregnancy promoted fetal growth restriction and activated placental stress response pathways. It also led to changes in maternal blood pressure and angiogenic balance. These findings demonstrate that chronic hypoxia recapitulates physiological and molecular features of preeclampsia in the mother, placenta, and offspring.

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The Consequences of Assisted Reproduction Technologies on the Offspring Health Throughout Life: A Placental Contribution

Mariana Schroeder et al.

Summary: The use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) has increased over the years, but pregnancies achieved by ART still carry risks for the mother and unborn child. The long-term effects of ART are currently unknown, and more research is needed in this area. This review aims to summarize the latest findings on the effects of ART on various outcomes and explore the factors that may contribute to the developmental outcomes of ART offspring, particularly focusing on placental intrinsic factors. Although current knowledge suggests better long-term outcomes for ART-conceived individuals than previously predicted, further investigation is necessary to fully understand the potential consequences of ART.

FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (2022)

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Ablation of PI3K-p110alpha Impairs Maternal Metabolic Adaptations to Pregnancy

Jorge Lopez-Tello et al.

Summary: Pregnancy requires maternal metabolism adaptations, which are regulated by the PI3K signalling pathway. This study investigated the effects of impaired PI3K-p110 alpha signalling on glucose and insulin handling during pregnancy using mutant mice. The results showed that the mutant mice exhibited abnormal metabolic adaptations, including enhanced adipose tissue mitochondrial respiratory capacity, which were associated with fetal growth restriction.

FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (2022)

Article Veterinary Sciences

Maternal and Fetal PI3K-p110α Deficiency Induces Sex-Specific Changes in Conceptus Growth and Placental Mitochondrial Bioenergetic Reserve in Mice

Daniela Pereira-Carvalho et al.

Summary: This study in mice found that maternal and fetal deficiency of PI3K-p110 alpha affects fetal and placental growth, with male fetuses being more sensitive. The deficiency also impacts placental mitochondrial bioenergetics, with an increase in mitochondrial reserve capacity in male fetuses. Additionally, alpha/+ dams exhibited reduced adipose depot masses.

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Placental mitochondria central to gestational diabetes pathogenesis?

Amanda N. Sferruzzi-Perri

JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON (2021)

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Placental mitochondrial function in response to gestational exposures

Minhui Lu et al.

Summary: The placental mitochondria play a crucial role in determining placental physiology, fetal growth, and pregnancy outcome, and can be influenced by adverse gestational environments.

PLACENTA (2021)

Article Developmental Biology

Fused placentas: Till birth do us part

Jorge Lopez-Tello et al.

Summary: The study characterizes the histological changes of a fused mouse placenta showing intertwin growth discrepancy, indicating that morphological changes in the placental exchange and endocrine regions and elevated calcification levels may contribute to this observed imbalance in fetal growth during mouse pregnancy.

PLACENTA (2021)

Article Developmental Biology

Paternal low protein diet and the supplementation of methyl-donors impact fetal growth and placental development in mice

Hannah L. Morgan et al.

Summary: The study found that paternal low-protein diet can affect fetal weight and placental development, while supplementation with methyl-donors can alter placental morphology and gene expression. Understanding the impact of paternal diet and micronutrient supplementation on placental development is crucial for determining the connections to offspring health.

PLACENTA (2021)

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Effects of maternal nutrient restriction during the periconceptional period on placental development in the mouse

Gerialisa Van Gronigen Case et al.

Summary: Maternal undernutrition in early pregnancy can lead to long-term effects on placental development, potentially affecting fetal health, even when adequate nutrition is provided later in gestation. Studies on nutrient restriction in early pregnancy highlight the importance of periconceptional nutrition in determining placental adaptations and efficiency.

PLOS ONE (2021)

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High NOV/CCN3 expression during high-fat diet pregnancy in mice affects GLUT3 expression and the mTOR pathway

Hefei Wang et al.

Summary: The NOV/CCN3 signaling is involved in regulating glucose balance during pregnancy, potentially contributing to the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). It may serve as a potential target for detecting and treating GDM.

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Paola Rosado-Yepez et al.

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Effect of high altitude on human placental amino acid transport

Owen R. Vaughan et al.

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Placental perfusion and mathematical modelling

Rohan M. Lewis et al.

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Maternal high fat diet-induced obesity affects trophoblast differentiation and placental function in mice

Tobias Kretschmer et al.

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Adaptive responses to maternal nutrient restriction alter placental transport in ewes

Ashley K. Edwards et al.

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Sexual dimorphism of mitochondrial function in the hypoxic guinea pig placenta

Hong Song et al.

BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION (2019)

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High-resolution contrast-enhanced microCT reveals the true three-dimensional morphology of the murine placenta

Katrien De Clercq et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2019)

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Inhibition of Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase Signaling Promotes the Stem Cell State of Trophoblast

Cheryl Q. E. Lee et al.

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No evidence of attenuation of placental insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation and amino acid transport in maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus

Marisol Castillo-Castrejon et al.

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Models of Intrauterine growth restriction and fetal programming in rabbits

Jorge Lopez-Tello et al.

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Placental mitochondria adapt developmentally and in response to hypoxia to support fetal growth

Amanda N. Sferruzzi-Perri et al.

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A Potential Role for GSK3β in Glucose-Driven Intrauterine Catch-Up Growth in Maternal Obesity

Sarah Appel et al.

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Associations Between Features of Placental Morphology and Birth Weight in Dichorionic Twins

Alexa A. Freedman et al.

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Review Pathology

Morphology and physiology of rat placenta for toxicological evaluation

Satoshi Furukawa et al.

JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY (2019)

Article Neurosciences

Feto- and utero-placental vascular adaptations to chronic maternal hypoxia in the mouse

Lindsay S. Cahill et al.

JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON (2018)

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Mechanisms Underpinning Adaptations in Placental Calcium Transport in Normal Mice and Those With Fetal Growth Restriction

Christina E. Hayward et al.

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Placental phenotype and the insulin-like growth factors: resource allocation to fetal growth

Amanda N. Sferruzzi-Perri et al.

JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON (2017)

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Review: Sexual dimorphism in the formation, function and adaptation of the placenta

J. I. Kalisch-Smith et al.

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Adaptations in Maternofetal Calcium Transport in Relation to Placental Size and Fetal Sex in Mice

Christina E. Hayward et al.

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Exercise rescues obese mothers' insulin sensitivity, placental hypoxia and male offspring insulin sensitivity

Denise S. Fernandez-Twinn et al.

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Placenta nutrient transport-related gene expression: the impact of maternal obesity and excessive gestational weight gain

Kendra Elizabeth Brett et al.

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Placenta-on-a-chip: a novel platform to study the biology of the human placenta

Ji Soo Lee et al.

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Hypoxia, AMPK activation and uterine artery vasoreactivity

K. L. Skeffington et al.

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Activation of placental insulin and mTOR signaling in a mouse model of maternal obesity associated with fetal overgrowth

Fredrick J. Rosario et al.

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Maternal and fetal genomes interplay through phosphoinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)-p110α signaling to modify placental resource allocation

Amanda N. Sferruzzi-Perri et al.

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The Programming Power of the Placenta

Amanda N. Sferruzzi-Perri et al.

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When two obese parents are worse than one! Impacts on embryo and fetal development

N. O. McPherson et al.

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Glucocorticoids as regulatory signals during intrauterine development

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Characterization of early changes in fetoplacental hemodynamics in a diet-induced rabbit model of IUGR

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Maternal obesity is associated with a reduction in placental taurine transporter activity

A. M. Ditchfield et al.

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Placental changes caused by food restriction during early pregnancy in mice are reversible

Jennifer L. Harper et al.

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Impaired mitochondrial function in human placenta with increased maternal adiposity

James Mele et al.

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Trophoblast Invasion and Blood Vessel Remodeling Are Altered in a Rat Model of Lifelong Maternal Obesity

Emily K. Hayes et al.

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AMPK Knockdown in Placental Trophoblast Cells Results in Altered Morphology and Function

Erica A. K. Carey et al.

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An obesogenic diet during mouse pregnancy modifies maternal nutrient partitioning and the fetal growth trajectory

Amanda N. Sferruzzi-Perri et al.

FASEB JOURNAL (2013)

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Placental nutrient transport is affected by pregnancy rank in sheep

D. S. van der Linden et al.

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Activation of Placental mTOR Signaling and Amino Acid Transporters in Obese Women Giving Birth to Large Babies

Nina Jansson et al.

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Intrauterine calorie restriction affects placental DNA methylation and gene expression

Pao-Yang Chen et al.

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Effect of maternal age and growth on placental nutrient transport: potential mechanisms for teenagers' predisposition to small-for-gestational-age birth?

Christina E. Hayward et al.

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Leptin and the Placental Response to Maternal Food Restriction During Early Pregnancy in Mice

Laura Clamon Schulz et al.

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Ascorbate prevents placental oxidative stress and enhances birth weight in hypoxic pregnancy in rats

H. G. Richter et al.

JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON (2012)

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Plac1 (placenta-specific 1) is essential for normal placental and embryonic development

Suzanne M. Jackman et al.

MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT (2012)

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Maternal-fetal resource allocation: Co-operation and conflict

A. L. Fowden et al.

PLACENTA (2012)

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Altered mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in placentas from undernourished rat gestations

Louiza Belkacemi et al.

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Placental-Specific Igf2 Deficiency Alters Developmental Adaptations to Undernutrition in Mice

A. N. Sferruzzi-Perri et al.

ENDOCRINOLOGY (2011)

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Dietary composition programmes placental phenotype in mice

P. M. Coan et al.

JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON (2011)

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Effects of famine on placental size and efficiency

T. J. Roseboom et al.

PLACENTA (2011)

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Altered placental development in undernourished rats: role of maternal glucocorticoids

Louiza Belkacemi et al.

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A maternal high-fat diet in rat pregnancy reduces growth of the fetus and the placental junctional zone, but not placental labyrinth zone growth

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JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE (2011)

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Maternal obesity and overnutrition alter fetal growth rate and cotyledonary vascularity and angiogenic factor expression in the ewe

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY (2010)

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Maternal obesity markedly increases placental fatty acid transporter expression and fetal blood triglycerides at midgestation in the ewe

Mei J. Zhu et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY (2010)

Article Anatomy & Morphology

Maternal and fetal microvasculature in sheep placenta at several stages of gestation

Shireen A. Hafez et al.

JOURNAL OF ANATOMY (2010)

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Adaptations in placental phenotype support fetal growth during undernutrition of pregnant mice

P. M. Coan et al.

JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON (2010)

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High-saturated-fat diet induces gestational diabetes and placental vasculopathy in C57BL/6 mice

Chengya Liang et al.

METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL (2010)

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Placental-specific Igf2 knockout mice exhibit hypocalcemia and adaptive changes in placental calcium transport

M. R. Dilworth et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2010)

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A. L. Lim et al.

SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (2010)

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Csf2 Null Mutation Alters Placental Gene Expression and Trophoblast Glycogen Cell and Giant Cell Abundance in Mice

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Gestational High Saturated Fat Diet Alters C57BL/6 Mouse Perinatal Skeletal Formation

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BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART B-DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY (2009)

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Placental efficiency and adaptation: endocrine regulation

A. L. Fowden et al.

JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON (2009)

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Placental characteristics and birthweight

Carolyn M. Salafia et al.

PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY (2008)

Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

Differential gene expression of somatotrophic and growth factors in response to in vivo hypoxia in human placenta

Regina Trollmann et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY (2007)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Gestational and hormonal regulation of human placental lipoprotein lipase

A. L. Magnusson-Olsson et al.

JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH (2006)

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Loss of Cited2 affects trophoblast formation and vascularization of the mouse placenta

S. L. Withington et al.

DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (2006)

Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

Morphometric placental villous and vascular abnormalities in early- and late-onset pre-eclampsia with and without fetal growth restriction

M Egbor et al.

BJOG-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY (2006)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Adaptation of nutrient supply to fetal demand in the mouse involves interaction between the Igf2 gene and placental transporter systems

M Constância et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2005)

Review Developmental Biology

Animal models of placental angiogenesis

LP Reynolds et al.

PLACENTA (2005)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Altered expression of IGFs and IGF-binding proteins during intrauterine growth restriction in guinea pigs

AM Carter et al.

JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (2005)

Article Reproductive Biology

Developmental dynamics of the definitive mouse placenta assessed by stereology

PM Coan et al.

BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION (2004)

Review Nutrition & Dietetics

Regulation of placental nutrient transport and implications for fetal growth

AW Bell et al.

NUTRITION RESEARCH REVIEWS (2002)

Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

Undernutrition during the first half of gestation increases the predominance of fetal tissue in late-gestation ovine placentomes

C Steyn et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY AND REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY (2001)

Article Developmental Biology

Placental villus morphology in relation to maternal hypoxia at high altitude

J Espinoza et al.

PLACENTA (2001)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

PLAC1, an Xq26 gene with placenta-specific expression

M Cocchia et al.

GENOMICS (2000)