Olfactory Dysfunction Associated with Cognitive Decline in an Elderly Population

BackgroundIn many neurological disorders, including Alzheimer disease, early olfactory dysfunction is observed.ObjectiveIn order to determine if deficits in olfactory memory are present in the elderly and if olfactory dysfunction correlates with cognitive impairment in the aging population, olfactory testing has been done on seniors from the NuAge cohort accepting to participate in the Olfactory Response Cognition and Aging (ORCA) secondary sub-study. The t-Mini Mental Statement Examination and the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status tests were done to assess cognition levels.ResultsOverall, 94% of the ORCA cohort displayed olfactory dysfunction. Deficits in olfactory memory were also present. A correlation was observed between olfactory function and cognitive test scores. Moreover, in women who smoked, there was an association between olfactory memory and cognitive scores.ConclusionOur results suggest that olfactory dysfunction may predict impending cognitive decline and highlights the need for olfactory training in seniors to improve olfaction and overall well-being.

Automated summary

This study found that olfactory dysfunction and deficits in olfactory memory are common in the elderly, and there is a correlation between olfactory function and cognitive impairment, especially in women who smoke. The results suggest that olfactory dysfunction may predict cognitive decline and highlight the importance of olfactory training for seniors to improve their sense of smell and overall well-being.