Metabolic reprogramming of glutamine involved in tumorigenesis, multidrug resistance and tumor immunity

Glutamine, as the most abundant amino acid in the body, participates in the biological synthesis of nucleotides and other non-essential amino acids in the process of cell metabolism. Recent studies showed that glutamine metabolic reprogramming is an important signal during cancer development and progression. This metabolic signature in cancer cells can promote the development of cancer by activating multiple signaling pathways and oncogenes. It can also be involved in tumor immune regulation and promote the development of drug resistance to tumors. In this review, we mainly summarize the role of glutamine metabolic reprogramming in tumors, including the regulation of multiple signaling pathways. We further discussed the promising tumor treatment strategy by targeting glutamine metabolism alone or in combination with chemotherapeutics.

Automated summary

Glutamine, the most abundant amino acid in the body, plays a crucial role in nucleotide and non-essential amino acid synthesis during cell metabolism. Recent studies have shown that glutamine metabolic reprogramming serves as a significant signal in cancer development and progression. This metabolic signature in cancer cells can activate multiple signaling pathways and oncogenes, promoting cancer growth, tumor immune regulation, and drug resistance. This review summarizes the impact of glutamine metabolic reprogramming in tumors, focusing on the regulation of various signaling pathways. Additionally, potential tumor treatment strategies by targeting glutamine metabolism alone or in combination with chemotherapy are discussed.