Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in multiple myeloma

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare and often fatal demyelinating disease of the central nervous system caused by reactivation of the JC virus in the context of immune suppression such as HIV, malignancy, and certain immunomodulatory medications. PML has been reported only rarely in multiple myeloma patients, and its presenting features and natural history in this population are not well known. We describe six cases of PML among multiple myeloma patients treated at our institution between 2013 and 2022, including two that developed on or shortly after treatment with recently developed BCMA-directed immunotherapies.

Automated summary

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare and often fatal disease that affects the central nervous system. It is caused by the reactivation of the JC virus in individuals with weakened immune systems such as those with HIV, cancer, or taking immunosuppressive medications. PML has been rarely reported in multiple myeloma patients, and this study describes six cases of PML among multiple myeloma patients treated at a specific institution between 2013 and 2022, including two cases associated with recently developed BCMA-directed immunotherapies.