Early-onset venous thromboembolisms in newly diagnosed non-promyelocytic acute myeloid leukemia patients undergoing intensive induction chemotherapy

Objectives and MethodsVenous thromboembolic (VTE) events are emerging as frequent complications in acute myeloid leukemia (AML); however, there is insufficient data regarding epidemiology, risk factors, and impact on outcomes. The optimal approach to balance risks of thrombosis and hemorrhage remains unclear. This retrospective single-center study in AML patients undergoing induction chemotherapy between 2007 and 2018 assessed incidence, risk factors, features, and outcomes of early-onset VTE.Results423 patients (median age 59 years) were enrolled. VTE was diagnosed in 31 patients (7.3%) within 3 months of admission. The median time to VTE was 3 days. Non-central venous catheter (CVC)-related VTE occurred in 19 patients (61%). Main risk factor for VTE was leukocytosis at admission, independent of platelet counts/INR. Four patients (13%) exhibited VTE recurrence. No deaths directly related to VTE or major bleeding events associated with platelet-adjusted anticoagulation in patients with VTE were recorded. There was no clear impact of VTE on 1-year overall survival; however, non-CVC-related VTE may be associated with adverse outcomes.ConclusionsEarly-onset VTE is a common complication in newly diagnosed AML patients admitted for induction chemotherapy. Leukocytosis is an independent VTE risk factor. The potentially adverse impact of non-CVC-related VTE merits further study.

Automated summary

This study investigated the incidence, risk factors, features, and outcomes of early-onset venous thromboembolic (VTE) events in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients undergoing induction chemotherapy. The results showed that VTE occurred in 7.3% of the patients within 3 months of admission, with a median time to VTE of 3 days. Non-central venous catheter-related VTE was more common, and leukocytosis at admission was identified as an independent risk factor for VTE. The study suggests that early-onset VTE is a common complication in newly diagnosed AML patients, and further research is needed to understand the impact of non-CVC-related VTE on outcomes.