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Secondary prevention after intracerebral haemorrhage

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2023)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Improving risk prediction for death, stroke and bleeding in Asian patients with atrial fibrillation

Rungroj Krittayaphong et al.

Summary: This study compares the predictive ability of the GARFIELD Refitted model, CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc/HAS-BLED risk scores, and the new COOL-AF model in predicting all-cause mortality, SSE, and major bleeding in Asian patients with atrial fibrillation.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2023)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Blood Pressure Control Targets and Risk of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Events After Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Kay-Cheong Teo et al.

Summary: This study aimed to determine if survivors of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) could reduce their risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events through more intensive blood pressure control. The results showed that reducing systolic blood pressure to <120 mmHg in ICH survivors can lower the risk of recurrent ICH and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events without increasing mortality.

STROKE (2023)

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Editorial Material Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Left atrial appendage closure in patients with intracranial hemorrhage

Jalaj Garg et al.

JOURNAL OF INTERVENTIONAL CARDIAC ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY (2022)

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Letter Clinical Neurology

Higher Risk of Ischemic Stroke After an Intracerebral Hemorrhage Than in General Population: A Cohort Study From the United Kingdom

David Gaist et al.

STROKE (2022)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

PCSK 9: A Link Between Inflammation and Atherosclerosis

Dimitri Patriki et al.

Summary: PCSK 9 plays a key role in lipid metabolism and is associated with the development and progression of atherosclerosis. It increases circulating LDL by binding to LDL receptors. Recent research suggests that PCSK 9 may also contribute to atherosclerosis through its effects on inflammation. However, it is difficult to differentiate between the lipid-dependent and -independent inflammatory properties of PCSK 9 due to the influence of lipid metabolism on inflammatory processes.

CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (2022)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Review of Long-Term Blood Pressure Control After Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Challenges and Opportunities

Michael T. Mullen et al.

Summary: Blood pressure is the most important modifiable risk factor for intracerebral hemorrhage. Early use of medication to achieve blood pressure control is beneficial for acute ICH recovery. Long-term use of oral antihypertensive drugs can achieve lower blood pressure goals. Sustained reduction in blood pressure is more important than the choice of antihypertensive agents.

STROKE (2022)

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Article Clinical Neurology

2022 Guideline for the Management of Patients With Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association

Steven M. Greenberg et al.

STROKE (2022)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Lobar intracerebral hemorrhage and risk of subsequent uncontrolled blood pressure

Evangelos Pavlos Myserlis et al.

Summary: The location of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with uncontrolled blood pressure in survivors at 6 months follow-up. Patients with lobar ICH are more likely to have uncontrolled blood pressure, and this is partially attributed to receiving fewer antihypertensive medications.

EUROPEAN STROKE JOURNAL (2022)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Focused Update on Vascular Risk and Secondary Prevention in Survivors of Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Kevin N. Sheth et al.

STROKE (2022)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Cardiovascular Events After Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Linxin Li et al.

Summary: This article reviews the cardiovascular complications after ICH, including ischemic and hemorrhagic events, and highlights potential secondary stroke and venous thrombotic prevention strategies. The article also discusses the epidemiology and risk factors associated with these complications and their impact on ICH outcomes.

STROKE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Association of Prior Intracerebral Hemorrhage With Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events

David Gaist et al.

Summary: This cohort study suggests that patients in Denmark with a prior nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) have significantly higher rates of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) compared to the general population. Optimal secondary prevention with blood pressure lowering and antithrombotic and statin therapies after an ICH should be given attention in clinical research and practice.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

PCSK9 (Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin 9) Enhances Platelet Activation, Thrombosis, and Myocardial Infarct Expansion by Binding to Platelet CD36

Zhiyong Qi et al.

Summary: PCSK9 in plasma directly enhances platelet activation and in vivo thrombosis by binding to platelet CD36 and activating downstream signaling pathways. PCSK9 inhibitors or aspirin can abolish the enhancing effects of PCSK9.

CIRCULATION (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)

Gerhard Hindricks et al.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Eligibility for PCSK9 inhibitors based on the 2019 ESC/EAS and 2018 ACC/AHA guidelines

Konstantinos C. Koskinas et al.

Summary: This study analyzed a cohort of acute coronary syndrome patients in Switzerland and found that based on the 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines, half of the patients were potentially eligible for PCSK9i treatment, compared to a three-fold lower eligibility rate based on the 2018 ACC/AHA guidelines.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Clinical Neurology

CT-Visible Convexity Subarachnoid Hemorrhage is Associated With Cortical Superficial Siderosis and Predicts Recurrent ICH

Qi Li et al.

Summary: This study found that cSAH detected in 40.5% of patients with acute lobar ICH related to CAA on CT is associated with an increased risk of recurrent ICH. cSAH may be used as a marker to stratify the risk of ICH in patients with CAA.

NEUROLOGY (2021)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Association of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Use After Intracerebral Hemorrhage With Hemorrhage Recurrence and Depression Severity

Patryk Kubiszewski et al.

Summary: This study found that the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) among survivors of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) may increase the risk of ICH recurrence, but also alleviate depressive symptoms. The research suggests that clinicians can assess the suitability of SSRI use in ICH survivors by considering clinical history, neuroimaging data, and genetic biomarkers.

JAMA NEUROLOGY (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Stroke risk reassessment and oral anticoagulant initiation in primary care patients with atrial fibrillation: A ten-year follow-up

Woldesellassie M. Bezabhe et al.

Summary: The study observed an increase in stroke risk over time among patients with atrial fibrillation, with a delay in initiation of oral anticoagulant therapy for high-risk patients by a median of 2 years. More frequent assessments for stroke risk reclassification and timely intervention are warranted to improve patient outcomes.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants versus warfarin in AF patients ≥ 85 years

Chuan-Tsai Tsai et al.

Summary: In elderly AF patients aged 85 years and older, NOACs were found to be associated with comparable or lower risk of ischemic stroke compared to warfarin for efficacy, and with lower risk of all-cause mortality and composite adverse events for adverse events. This suggests that NOACs may be a more favorable choice for stroke prevention in the elderly AF population.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2021)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Apixaban versus no anticoagulation after anticoagulation-associated intracerebral haemorrhage in patients with atrial fibrillation in the Netherlands (APACHE-AF): a randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial

Floris H. B. M. Schreuder et al.

Summary: The APACHE-AF trial aimed to compare the effects of restarting anticoagulation and permanently avoiding anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation who survived an anticoagulation-associated intracerebral haemorrhage. The study found that patients have a high subsequent annual risk of non-fatal stroke or vascular death, regardless of whether they were allocated to apixaban or avoiding anticoagulation. Larger randomized controlled trials are needed to identify subgroups in whom restarting anticoagulation might be beneficial or hazardous.

LANCET NEUROLOGY (2021)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Effects of oral anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation after spontaneous intracranial haemorrhage in the UK: a randomised, open-label, assessor-masked, pilot-phase, non-inferiority trial

Rustam Al-Shahi Salman et al.

LANCET NEUROLOGY (2021)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion for Stroke Prevention in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation

Fareed Moses S. Collado et al.

Summary: The majority of embolic strokes in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation are caused by thrombi in the left atrial appendage. It is projected that strokes related to atrial fibrillation will increase unless effective mitigation strategies are implemented. Systemic anticoagulation is effective in reducing stroke risk, but bleeding complications and nonadherence can be barriers. Surgical and percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion devices are nonpharmacologic strategies to mitigate drug therapy challenges.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION (2021)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Development of imaging-based risk scores for prediction of intracranial haemorrhage and ischaemic stroke in patients taking antithrombotic therapy after ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack: a pooled analysis of individual patient data from cohort studies

Jonathan G. Best et al.

Summary: This study developed new risk scores incorporating clinical variables and cerebral microbleeds for predicting the long-term risks of intracranial haemorrhage and ischaemic stroke in patients prescribed antithrombotic therapy for secondary stroke prevention. The risk models showed good predictive value and calibration, providing potential clinical utility. External validation of the models is recommended.

LANCET NEUROLOGY (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Impact of Uncontrolled Hypertension at 3 Months After Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Alessandro Biffi et al.

Summary: The study found that over 60% of survivors of intracerebral hemorrhage had uncontrolled hypertension at 3 months, with undertreatment accounting for the majority of cases. Blood pressure measurements at 3 months were associated with higher recurrent stroke risk and mortality. Black, Hispanic, and Asian survivors of intracerebral hemorrhage, as well as those presenting with severe acute hypertensive response, were at the highest risk for uncontrolled hypertension.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION (2021)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Association Between Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Subsequent Arterial Ischemic Events in Participants From 4 Population-Based Cohort Studies

Santosh B. Murthy et al.

Summary: This study found that intracerebral hemorrhage was associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction, suggesting it may be a novel risk marker for arterial ischemic events.

JAMA NEUROLOGY (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice Developed by the Task Force for cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice with representatives of the European Society of Cardiology and 12 medical societies With the special contribution of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC)

Frank L. J. Visseren et al.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Diffusion-weighted imaging lesions and risk of recurrent stroke after intracerebral haemorrhage

Kim Wiegertjes et al.

Summary: This study found that the presence of DWI+ lesions in survivors of ICH is associated with recurrent ICH, but not with ischaemic stroke. There was no evidence of modification of effects of antiplatelet therapy on recurrent stroke after ICH by DWI+ lesion presence.

JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY (2021)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Risks of recurrent stroke and all serious vascular events after spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage: pooled analyses of two population-based studies

Linxin Li et al.

Summary: This study analyzed the risks of recurrent ICH, ischaemic stroke, and other serious vascular events in patients with spontaneous ICH, showing differences in risks based on ICH location and comorbid atrial fibrillation. These data enable risk stratification of patients in clinical practice and ongoing randomized trials.

LANCET NEUROLOGY (2021)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Lipid-Lowering Therapy and Hemorrhagic Stroke Risk Comparative Meta-Analysis of Statins and PCSK9 Inhibitors

Borja E. Sanz-Cuesta et al.

Summary: The meta-analysis showed that statins are associated with an increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke, especially in higher doses and in patients with prior ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack. In contrast, PCSK9 inhibitors do not increase the risk of hemorrhagic stroke.

STROKE (2021)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Effects of Antiplatelet Therapy After Stroke Caused by Intracerebral Hemorrhage Extended Follow-up of the RESTART Randomized Clinical Trial

Rustam Al-Shahi Salman et al.

Summary: The RESTART trial aimed to investigate the effects of antiplatelet therapy on recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage and major vascular events in patients with prior antithrombotic therapy. The study found no statistically significant impact of antiplatelet therapy on these events in patients who had experienced intracerebral hemorrhage and previously received antithrombotic therapy.

JAMA NEUROLOGY (2021)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Management and outcome of intracranial hemorrhage in patients with left ventricular assist devices

Grace Y. Lai et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk The Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS)

Francois Mach et al.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Stroke prevention in elderly patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation in the BALKAN-AF survey

Tatjana S. Potpara et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2020)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Ischemic Stroke and Bleeding Clinical Benefit of Anticoagulation in Atrial Fibrillation After Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Robert J. Stanton et al.

STROKE (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

EHRA/EAPCI expert consensus statement on catheter-based left atrial appendage occlusion - an update

Michael Glikson et al.

EUROINTERVENTION (2020)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Stroke Prevention With the PCSK9 (Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin-Kexin Type 9) Inhibitor Evolocumab Added to Statin in High-Risk Patients With Stable Atherosclerosis

Robert P. Giugliano et al.

STROKE (2020)

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Article Peripheral Vascular Disease

2020 International Society of Hypertension Global Hypertension Practice Guidelines

Thomas Unger et al.

HYPERTENSION (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Reversal and Resumption of Antithrombotic Therapy in LVAD-Associated Intracranial Hemorrhage

Sung-Min Cho et al.

ANNALS OF THORACIC SURGERY (2019)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Cortical superficial siderosis and recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage risk in cerebral amyloid angiopathy: Large prospective cohort and preliminary meta-analysis

Andreas Charidimou et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STROKE (2019)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effects of antiplatelet therapy after stroke due to intracerebral haemorrhage (RESTART): a randomised, open-label trial

R. Al-Shahi Salman et al.

LANCET (2019)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Five-Year Risk of Major Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Events After Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Barbara Casolla et al.

STROKE (2019)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and risk of intracerebral hemorrhage A prospective study

Chaoran Ma et al.

NEUROLOGY (2019)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Effect of Standard vs Intensive Blood Pressure Control on the Risk of Recurrent Stroke A Randomized Clinical Trial and Meta-analysis

Kazuo Kitagawa et al.

JAMA NEUROLOGY (2019)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

PCSK9 inhibitors: clinical evidence and implementation

Marc S. Sabatine

NATURE REVIEWS CARDIOLOGY (2019)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Does statin increase the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage in stroke survivors? A meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis

Ru Jian Jonathan Teoh et al.

THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS (2019)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Management of therapeutic anticoagulation in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage andmechanical heart valves

Joji B. Kuramatsu et al.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2018)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Resumption of antiplatelet therapy in patients with primary intracranial hemorrhage-benefits and risks: A meta-analysis of cohort studies

Xueying Ding et al.

JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES (2018)

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Article Hematology

Anticoagulants Resumption after Warfarin-Related Intracerebral Haemorrhage: The Multicenter Study on Cerebral Hemorrhage in Italy (MUCH-Italy)

Loris Poli et al.

THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS (2018)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension

Bryan Williams et al.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2018)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

No effect of PCSK9 inhibitors on D-dimer and fibrinogen levels in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia

Suzanne Schol-Gelok et al.

BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY (2018)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Optimal Timing of Anticoagulant Treatment After Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation

Johanna Pennlert et al.

STROKE (2017)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Brain hemorrhage recurrence, small vessel disease type, and cerebral microbleeds A meta-analysis

Andreas Charidimou et al.

NEUROLOGY (2017)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Evolocumab and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease

Marc S. Sabatine et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2017)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Real-World Setting Comparison of Nonvitamin-K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants Versus Vitamin-K Antagonists for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

George Ntaios et al.

STROKE (2017)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Treatment with Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) Inhibitors to Reduce Cardiovascular Inflammation and Outcomes

Luca Liberale et al.

CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (2017)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Oral Anticoagulation and Functional Outcome after Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Alessandro Biffi et al.

ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY (2017)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Nonaspirin Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Risk of Hemorrhagic Stroke A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Patompong Ungprasert et al.

STROKE (2016)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Confounding by Indication in Clinical Research

Demetrios N. Kyriacou et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2016)

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Article Behavioral Sciences

Statin use after intracerebral hemorrhage: a 10-year nationwide cohort study

Shu-Yu Tai et al.

BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR (2016)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Increased prothrombotic profile in the left atrial appendage of atrial fibrillation patients

Alexander Breitenstein et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY (2015)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Anticoagulant Reversal, Blood Pressure Levels, and Anticoagulant Resumption in Patients With Anticoagulation-Related Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Joji B. Kuramatsu et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2015)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Association Between Blood Pressure Control and Risk of Recurrent Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Alessandro Biffi et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2015)

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Article Clinical Neurology

APOE ε4 and lipid levels affect risk of recurrent nonlobar intracerebral hemorrhage

Miriam R. Raffeld et al.

NEUROLOGY (2015)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Guidelines for the Management of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association

J. Claude Hemphill et al.

STROKE (2015)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Long-term prognosis after intracerebral haemorrhage: systematic review and meta-analysis

Michael Tin Chung Poon et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY (2014)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Comparison of the efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulants with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of randomised trials

Christian T. Ruff et al.

LANCET (2014)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Statins as Antithrombotic Drugs

Francesco Violi et al.

CIRCULATION (2013)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Global and regional burden of first-ever ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke during 1990–2010: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010

Rita V Krishnamurthi et al.

Lancet Global Health (2013)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Incidence, case fatality, and functional outcome of intracerebral haemorrhage overtime, according to age, sex, and ethnic origin: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Charlotte J. J. van Asch et al.

LANCET NEUROLOGY (2010)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Aspirin and recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage in cerebral amyloid angiopathy

A. Biffi et al.

NEUROLOGY (2010)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Effects of Perindopril-Based Lowering of Blood Pressure on Intracerebral Hemorrhage Related to Amyloid Angiopathy The PROGRESS Trial

Hisatomi Arima et al.

STROKE (2010)

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Article Peripheral Vascular Disease

Lower target blood pressures are safe and effective for the prevention of recurrent stroke: the PROGRESS trial

Hisatomi Arima et al.

JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION (2006)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Effects of a perindopril-based blood pressure-lowering regimen on the risk of recurrent stroke according to stroke subtype and medical history - The PROGRESS trial

N Chapman et al.

STROKE (2004)

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