Understanding the female athlete: molecular mechanisms underpinning menstrual phase differences in exercise metabolism

Article Sport Sciences

Influence of the Menstrual Cycle on Muscle Glycogen Repletion After Exhaustive Exercise in Eumenorrheic Women

Tomoka Matsuda et al.

Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of the menstrual cycle on muscle glycogen repletion postexercise. The findings suggest that the menstrual cycle does not influence muscle glycogen repletion after exercise.

JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH (2023)

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Article Physiology

Genetic polymorphisms in CYP19A1 and ESR1 are associated with serum CK activity after prolonged running in men

Hiroshi Kumagai et al.

Summary: This study found that genetic polymorphisms in CYP19A1 influence serum estradiol levels in men, and genetic polymorphisms in CYP19A1 and ESR1 are associated with serum CK activity in men. Male subjects with the TT genotype of the CYP19A1 polymorphism exhibited higher serum estradiol levels.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY (2022)

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Review Physiology

Analysis of sex-based differences in energy substrate utilization during moderate-intensity aerobic exercise

Antonella Cano et al.

Summary: The study explored sex-based differences in energy substrate utilization during moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, with men displaying greater reliance on carbohydrates while women rely more on lipids. Interestingly, no significant differences were observed in athletes, and further mechanistically driven research is needed, especially for protein sources, which are less investigated.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Sport Sciences

Substrate metabolism during exercise: Sexual dimorphism and women's specificities

Nathalie Boisseau et al.

Summary: Various studies have shown that sex steroids play a crucial role in the differences in body composition and energy substrate storage between men and women. Women tend to rely more on fat and less on carbohydrates during exercise at the same relative intensity. Specifically, 17-beta oestradiol is identified as a key hormone in regulating body composition and substrate metabolism.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Influence of menstrual cycle on muscle glycogen utilization during high-intensity intermittent exercise until exhaustion in healthy women

Tomoka Matsuda et al.

Summary: The present study investigated the effects of the menstrual cycle on muscle glycogen and circulating substrates during high-intensity intermittent exercise until exhaustion in healthy women who habitually exercised. The results showed that although exercise time does not change with the menstrual cycle, the menstrual cycle influences the utilization of muscle glycogen.

APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM (2022)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Influence of Menstrual Cycle on Leukocyte Response Following Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage

Akiko Funaki et al.

Summary: This study investigated the influence of the menstrual cycle on leukocyte response after exercise-induced muscle damage, and found that progesterone concentration may be related to the white blood cell response.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH (2022)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Physiological interindividual variability in endogenous estradiol concentration does not influence adipose tissue and hepatic lipid kinetics in women

Faidon Magkos et al.

Summary: This study aimed to investigate the influence of physiological variation in endogenous estradiol on VLDL-Triglyceride (TG) and VLDL-apoB-100 metabolism and free fatty acid (FFA) release in premenopausal women. The results showed that plasma estradiol concentration is not an important correlate of basal plasma FFA, VLDL-TG, and VLDL-apoB-100 kinetics in premenopausal women.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (2022)

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Letter Endocrinology & Metabolism

Menstrual cycle hormonal changes: estradiol-beta-17 and progesterone interactions on exercise fat oxidation

A. C. Hackney et al.

ENDOCRINE (2022)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Is GLUT4 translocation the answer to exercise-stimulated muscle glucose uptake?

Erik A. Richter

Summary: Exercise in humans greatly increases muscle glucose uptake, but the translocation of GLUT4 to the cell membrane only doubles, indicating a significant disparity. This could be due to underestimated measurements or an increase in GLUT4 intrinsic activity during exercise.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Contraction-Mediated Glucose Transport in Skeletal Muscle Is Regulated by a Framework of AMPK, TBC1D1/4, and Rac1

Christian de Wendt et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates the important roles of AMPK and RabGAP proteins in the metabolic response to exercise/contraction in skeletal muscle, with Tbc1d1 showing a more significant impact on exercise capacity and glucose uptake.

DIABETES (2021)

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Review Sport Sciences

Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage During the Menstrual Cycle: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nuria Romero-Parra et al.

Summary: This study identified differences in delayed onset muscle soreness and strength loss during different phases of the menstrual cycle, suggesting that hormone fluctuations may affect exercise-induced muscle damage. Lower training loads or longer recovery periods may be considered during the early follicular phase, while strength conditioning loads could be enhanced during the midluteal phase.

JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

What Do We Know about Classical and Non-Classical Progesterone Receptors in the Human Female Reproductive Tract? A Review

Yassmin Medina-Laver et al.

Summary: Progesterone hormone acts through classical and non-classical receptors in the female reproductive system, affecting menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and parturition. These receptors regulate cell responses through different signaling pathways, playing a crucial role in female reproductive tissues.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

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Review Cell Biology

Estrogen and Glycemic Homeostasis: The Fundamental Role of Nuclear Estrogen Receptors ESR1/ESR2 in Glucose Transporter GLUT4 Regulation

Karen Cristina Rego Gregorio et al.

Summary: This study reviews the relationship between estrogen and diabetes mellitus, focusing on glycemic homeostasis, estrogen, ESR1/ESR2, and GLUT4. The research findings suggest that ESR1-mediated effects are beneficial while ESR2-mediated effects are detrimental to glycemic homeostasis.

CELLS (2021)

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Article Physiology

Resting skeletal muscle PNPLA2 (ATGL) and CPT1B are associated with peak fat oxidation rates in men and women but do not explain observed sex differences

Oliver J. Chrzanowski-Smith et al.

Summary: This study found that proteins in skeletal muscle related to triglyceride hydrolysis and mitochondrial lipid transport are more strongly associated with peak fat oxidation rates than proteins in adipose tissue. Despite females having higher fat oxidation rates than males, this difference is not explained by the proteins measured in this study, suggesting other factors are involved. Overall, muscle proteins play a more significant role in regulating peak fat oxidation compared to adipose tissue proteins, and sex differences in fat metabolism are likely influenced by factors beyond these measured proteins.

EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Sport Sciences

Sex Dimorphism in Muscle Damage-induced Inflammation

Hui-Ying Luk et al.

Summary: The study aimed to investigate the impact of resistance exercise-induced hormonal changes on intramuscular cytokine gene expression after muscle damage in untrained men and women. Results showed that men had a stronger response to factors like TGFB, IL-10, and TNFA compared to women, suggesting a gender difference in intramuscular cytokine response to muscle damage.

MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Oxidative Stress Is Increased in Combined Oral Contraceptives Users and Is Positively Associated with High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein

Sabina Cauci et al.

Summary: This study found that oral contraceptive users had significantly elevated oxidative stress and increased levels of serum hsCRP, indicating signs of low-grade chronic inflammation. Additionally, there was a strong positive correlation between oxidative stress and hsCRP, which is significant in assessing the risk for future cardiovascular diseases.

MOLECULES (2021)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

The influence of age, sex and cardiorespiratory fitness on maximal fat oxidation rate

J. Frandsen et al.

Summary: This study found that women under the age of 45 had a significantly higher maximal fat oxidation rate (MFO) compared to men, but this sex-related difference disappeared after the age of 45.

APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM (2021)

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Article Physiology

Sirtuin 1 is not required for contraction-stimulated glucose uptake in mouse skeletal muscle

Ji H. Kang et al.

Summary: This study found that the loss of SIRT1 deacetylase function in muscle does not affect glucose uptake in response to ex vivo contractions, regardless of sex or muscle type. However, it was demonstrated that, similar to insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, contraction-stimulated glucose uptake is significantly higher in female compared to male skeletal muscle. This study is the first to show sex-based differences in contraction-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Neurosciences

Carbohydrate improves exercise capacity but does not affect subcellular lipid droplet morphology, AMPK and p53 signalling in human skeletal muscle

J. Marc Fell et al.

Summary: Muscle glycogen and intramuscular triglycerides are important energy substrates during prolonged exercise. Exercise-induced changes in lipid droplet morphology have been found to be influenced by exercise and CHO feeding in trained males. CHO feeding did not affect glycogen or IMTG utilization in muscle fibres. Moreover, CHO feeding did not attenuate cell signalling pathways related to mitochondrial biogenesis during exercise.

JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON (2021)

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Article Sport Sciences

Carbohydrate-Restricted Exercise With Protein Increases Self-Selected Training Intensity in Female Cyclists but Not Male Runners and Cyclists

Tanja Oosthuyse et al.

Summary: The study showed that ingesting casein protein hydrolysate during carbohydrate-restricted exercise can increase metabolic demand and exercise intensity for athletes, particularly female cyclists, but not for male runners and cyclists. This nutritional strategy is effective in improving performance for female endurance athletes, but not male athletes.

JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Sport Sciences

Methodological Considerations for Studies in Sport and Exercise Science with Women as Participants: A Working Guide for Standards of Practice for Research on Women

Kirsty J. Elliott-Sale et al.

Summary: Until recently, there has been a lack of demand and interest in female-specific sport and exercise science data, resulting in most data being derived from studies with male participants. A shortage of specialist knowledge on female physiology in the sport science community, coupled with a reluctance to adapt experimental designs for female-specific considerations, has hindered progress in this field. Furthermore, a lack of agreement on terminology and methodological approaches has impeded researchers' ability to develop evidenced-based guidelines for female exercisers.

SPORTS MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Physiology

Temporal changes in blood oxidative stress biomarkers across the menstrual cycle and with oral contraceptive use in active women

Karlee M. Quinn et al.

Summary: This study found that women using oral contraceptives had higher levels of blood oxidative stress and CRP compared to naturally-cycling women, with a transient increase over one month of habitual oral contraceptive use. These outcomes may have implications for workload monitoring practices in female athletes.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Physiology

The effect of the menstrual cycle and hyperglycaemia on hormonal and metabolic responses during exercise

A. T. Hulton et al.

Summary: This study found that administering a supraphysiological glucose infusion during moderate exercise can suppress the influence of ovarian hormone fluctuations on substrate metabolism in eumenorrheic women.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Menstrual Cycle Hormonal Changes and Energy Substrate Metabolism in Exercising Women: A Perspective Comment

Anthony C. Hackney

Summary: This article discusses the impact of hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle on women's exercise physiology, specifically focusing on energy substrate metabolism and macronutrient utilization. It aims to provide a perspective on the limitations of previous research studies and suggests approaches for future studies to provide evidence supporting the idea that menstrual cycle hormonal changes do affect energy metabolism in women during exercise.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH (2021)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Influence of Menstrual Cycle Estradiol-β-17 Fluctuations on Energy Substrate Utilization-Oxidation during Aerobic, Endurance Exercise

Hannah N. Willett et al.

Summary: This study found that there is an increase in fat utilization and a decrease in carbohydrate usage during aerobic exercise across different phases of the menstrual cycle due to changes in estradiol-beta-17 levels.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Does TBC1D4 (AS160) or TBC1D1 Deficiency Affect the Expression of Fatty Acid Handling Proteins in the Adipocytes Differentiated from Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (ADMSCs) Obtained from Subcutaneous and Visceral Fat Depots?

Agnieszka Miklosz et al.

Summary: TBC1D4 plays a role in regulating fatty acid entry into human adipocytes, with its deficiency leading to the translocation of CD36/SR-B2 transport protein to the plasma membrane, resulting in increased uptake of saturated long-chain fatty acids. The tissue-specific pattern observed, with more pronounced changes in subcutaneous ADMSC-derived adipocytes, suggests a complex regulation mechanism involving TBC1D4 in fatty acid transport.

CELLS (2021)

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Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

Effects of oral versus transdermal estradiol plus micronized progesterone on thyroid hormones, hepatic proteins, lipids, and quality of life in menopausal women with hypothyroidism: a clinical trial

Juliana Kaminski et al.

Summary: Oral estradiol increased total T4 and TBG levels, potentially causing changes in TSH levels; Oral estradiol had a significant impact on hepatic proteins; Transdermal estradiol alone did not significantly affect thyroid function; Transdermal estradiol plus MP decreased TSH levels and increased total T4 levels.

MENOPAUSE-THE JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MENOPAUSE SOCIETY (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

It's well and truly time to stop stating that AMPK regulates glucose uptake and fat oxidation during exercise

Glenn K. McConell

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

An AMPK/Axin1-Rac1 signaling pathway mediates contraction-regulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells

Yingying Yue et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Skeletal muscle lipid droplets are resynthesized before being coated with perilipin proteins following prolonged exercise in elite male triathletes

Emily F. P. Jevons et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM (2020)

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Article Physiology

Menstrual cycle phase does not affect whole body peak fat oxidation rate during a graded exercise test

Jacob Frandsen et al.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Physiology

Inflammation and Oral Contraceptive Use in Female Athletes Before the Rio Olympic Games

Brianna Larsen et al.

FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY (2020)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Effects of oral contraceptives on thyroid function and vice versa

F. Torre et al.

JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION (2020)

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Review Physiology

Exercise and GLUT4

Marcelo Flores-Opazo et al.

EXERCISE AND SPORT SCIENCES REVIEWS (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Are the Effects of Oral and Vaginal Contraceptives on Bone Formation in Young Women Mediated via the Growth Hormone-IGF-I Axis?

Heather C. M. Allaway et al.

FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

The RabGAPs TBC1D1 and TBC1D4 Control Uptake of Long-Chain Fatty Acids Into Skeletal Muscle via Fatty Acid Transporter SLC27A4/FATP4

Tim Benninghoff et al.

DIABETES (2020)

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Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Effect of menstrual cycle on resting metabolism: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Melissa J. Benton et al.

PLOS ONE (2020)

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Article Cell Biology

Divergence exists in the subcellular distribution of intramuscular triglyceride in human skeletal muscle dependent on the choice of lipid dye

Juliette A. Strauss et al.

HISTOCHEMISTRY AND CELL BIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Progesterone increases blood glucose via hepatic progesterone receptor membrane component 1 under limited or impaired action of insulin

Sang R. Lee et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2020)

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Review Nutrition & Dietetics

Protein Requirements of Pre-Menopausal Female Athletes: Systematic Literature Review

Drew Mercer et al.

NUTRIENTS (2020)

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Article Sport Sciences

Effects of the menstrual cycle on oxidative stress and antioxidant response to high-intensity intermittent exercise until exhaustion in healthy women

Tomoka Matsuda et al.

JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE AND PHYSICAL FITNESS (2020)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Sex-based differences in hepatic and skeletal muscle triglyceride storage and metabolism

Kayleigh M. Beaudry et al.

APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM (2019)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

AMPK and TBC1D1 Regulate Muscle Glucose Uptake After, but Not During, Exercise and Contraction

Rasmus Kjobsted et al.

DIABETES (2019)

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Article Cell Biology

Estradiol stimulates adipogenesis and Slc2a4/GLUT4 expression via ESR1-mediated activation of CEBPA

Luciana A. Fatima et al.

MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY (2019)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

The Role of 17β-Estradiol and Estrogen Receptors in Regulation of Ca2+ Channels and Mitochondrial Function in Cardiomyocytes

Shokoufeh Mahmoodzadeh et al.

FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY (2019)

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Article Sport Sciences

Methodological Recommendations for Menstrual Cycle Research in Sports and Exercise

Xanne Janse De Jonge et al.

MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE (2019)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Estrogens, Estrogen Receptors Effects on Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria

Renee Ventura-Clapier et al.

FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY (2019)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Non-genomic Effects of Estrogen on Cell Homeostasis and Remodeling With Special Focus on Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

Rossella Puglisi et al.

FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY (2019)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Estrogen Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Suppresses Gluconeogenesis via the Transcription Factor Foxo1

Hui Yan et al.

DIABETES (2019)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Effects of progesterone on glucose uptake in neurons of Alzheimer's disease animals and cell models

Hang Wu et al.

LIFE SCIENCES (2019)

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Article Health Care Sciences & Services

Female sex hormones and the recovery from exercise: Menstrual cycle phase affects responses

Anthony C. Hackney et al.

BIOMEDICAL HUMAN KINETICS (2019)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Progesterone, Lipoic Acid, and Sulforaphane as Promising Antioxidants for Retinal Diseases: A Review

Vicente Hernandez-Rabaza et al.

ANTIOXIDANTS (2019)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Female hormones: do they influence muscle and tendon protein metabolism?

Mette Hansen

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUTRITION SOCIETY (2018)

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Article Physiology

Sexual dimorphism of substrate utilization: Differences in skeletal muscle mitochondrial volume density and function

David Montero et al.

EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY (2018)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Molecular Regulation of Fatty Acid Oxidation in Skeletal Muscle during Aerobic Exercise

Anne-Marie Lundsgaard et al.

TRENDS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM (2018)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Estrogen Receptor 1 (ESR1) Enhances Slc2a4/GLUT4 Expression by a SP1 Cooperative Mechanism

Joao Nilton Barreto-Andrade et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES (2018)

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Article Physiology

Superior Intrinsic Mitochondria Respiration in Women Than in Men

Daniele A. Cardinale et al.

FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY (2018)

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Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Swifter, higher, stronger: What's on the menu?

Louise M. Burke et al.

SCIENCE (2018)

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Article Physiology

Expression of sex steroid hormone receptors in human skeletal muscle during the menstrual cycle

L. Ekenros et al.

ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA (2017)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Exercise-stimulated glucose uptake - regulation and implications for glycaemic control

Lykke Sylow et al.

NATURE REVIEWS ENDOCRINOLOGY (2017)

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Article Sport Sciences

Combined Oral Contraceptives Increase High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein but Not Haptoglobin in Female Athletes

Sabina Cauci et al.

SPORTS MEDICINE (2017)

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Review Physiology

Muscle damage and inflammation during recovery from exercise

Jonathan M. Peake et al.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY (2017)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Estradiol-induced regulation of GLUT4 in 3T3-L1 cells: involvement of ESR1 and AKT activation

Raquel S. Campello et al.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY (2017)

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Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

Time since menopause and skeletal muscle estrogen receptors, PGC-1α, and AMPK

Young-Min Park et al.

MENOPAUSE-THE JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MENOPAUSE SOCIETY (2017)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Procesterone-Mediated Non-Classical Signaling

Deepika Garg et al.

TRENDS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM (2017)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Fructose and Sucrose Intake Increase Exogenous Carbohydrate Oxidation during Exercise

Jorn Trommelen et al.

NUTRIENTS (2017)

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Review Obstetrics & Gynecology

Molecular mechanism of estrogen-estrogen receptor signaling

Pelin Yasar et al.

REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY (2017)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The Effect of Gender and Menstrual Phase on Serum Creatine Kinase Activity and Muscle Soreness Following Downhill Running

Tanja Oosthuyse et al.

ANTIOXIDANTS (2017)

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Article Physiology

Sex-based differences in endurance exercise muscle metabolism: impact on exercise and nutritional strategies to optimize health and performance in women

Michaela C. Devries

EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY (2016)

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Article Sport Sciences

EFFECTS OF MENSTRUAL PHASE-DEPENDENT RESISTANCE TRAINING FREQUENCY ON MUSCULAR HYPERTROPHY AND STRENGTH

Mikako Sakamaki-Sunaga et al.

JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH (2016)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Applications of stable, nonradioactive isotope tracers in in vivo human metabolic research

Il-Young Kim et al.

EXPERIMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE (2016)

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Review Nutrition & Dietetics

Piecing together the puzzle of perilipin proteins and skeletal muscle lipolysis

Rebecca E. K. MacPherson et al.

APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM (2015)

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Article Sport Sciences

The effect of estrogen on muscle damage biomarkers following prolonged aerobic exercise in eumenorrheic women

T. Williams et al.

BIOLOGY OF SPORT (2015)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Estrogen Activates AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in Human Endothelial Cells via ERβ/Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Kinase β Pathway

Songbai Yang et al.

CELL BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS (2015)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

A snapshot of nitrogen balance in endurance-trained women

Stuart Douglas Houltham et al.

APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM (2014)

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Article Physiology

Adrenergic control of lipolysis in women compared with men

Stacy L. Schmidt et al.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY (2014)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Effects of follicular versus luteal phase-based strength training in young women

Eunsook Sung et al.

SPRINGERPLUS (2014)

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Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Estrogen Receptor 1 Agonist PPT Stimulates Slc2a4 Gene Expression and Improves Insulin-Induced Glucose Uptake in Adipocytes

R. S. Campello et al.

CURRENT TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (2013)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

The Role of Estrogens in Control of Energy Balance and Glucose Homeostasis

Franck Mauvais-Jarvis et al.

ENDOCRINE REVIEWS (2013)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Oestrogen's regulation of fat metabolism during exercise and gender specific effects

Tanja Oosthuyse et al.

CURRENT OPINION IN PHARMACOLOGY (2012)

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Article Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science

The normal menstrual cycle in women

M. Mihm et al.

ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE (2011)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Testosterone or 17β-estradiol exposure reveals sex-specific effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in human myotubes

Firoozeh Salehzadeh et al.

JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (2011)

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Article Neurosciences

In vivo stimulation of oestrogen receptor α increases insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle glucose uptake

Brittany K. Gorres et al.

JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON (2011)

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Article Sport Sciences

Effect of High-Protein Feeding on Performance and Nitrogen Balance in Female Cyclists

David S. Rowlands et al.

MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE (2011)

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Article Physiology

Oestrogen receptor-alpha activation augments post-exercise myoblast proliferation

A. Thomas et al.

ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA (2010)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Progesterone inhibits glucose uptake by affecting diverse steps of insulin signaling in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

Tsutomu Wada et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM (2010)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Impaired oxidative metabolism and inflammation are associated with insulin resistance in ERα-deficient mice

Vicent Ribas et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM (2010)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Metabolic impact of estrogen signalling through ERalpha and ERbeta

Anna Foryst-Ludwig et al.

JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (2010)

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Article Cell Biology

Men supplemented with 17β-estradiol have increased β-oxidation capacity in skeletal muscle

Amy C. Maher et al.

PHYSIOLOGICAL GENOMICS (2010)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Estrogen Regulates Estrogen Receptors and Antioxidant Gene Expression in Mouse Skeletal Muscle

Kristen A. Baltgalvis et al.

PLOS ONE (2010)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

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Estrogen influences satellite cell activation and proliferation following downhill running in rats

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Effect of the ovarian hormones on GLUT4 expression and contraction-stimulated glucose uptake

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No effect of menstrual cycle phase on glucose kinetics and fuel oxidation during moderate-intensity exercise

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Short-term 17 beta-estradiol decreases glucose R-a but not whole body metabolism during endurance exercise

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Estrogen suppresses transcription of lipoprotein lipase gene - Existence of a unique estrogen response element on the lipoprotein lipase promoter

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Understanding the female athlete: molecular mechanisms underpinning menstrual phase differences in exercise metabolism

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