Empirical relationship between creativity and carbon intensity: a case of OPEC countries

This article attempts to examine the role of creativity on carbon intensity in case of Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) countries. The panel estimation techniques are used for annual data for the period of 1990-2018. The empirical evidence affirms that patent rights and innovation act as a policy factor in controlling carbon intensity, i.e. creativity leads to energy-efficient and environment friendly society. However, innovations have higher magnitude compared to patent. Contrarily, urbanization and economic growth are the key determinants in enhancing carbon intensity, while renewable energy has insignificant impact on carbon intensity. The empirical analysis, especially for creativity, can add practical implications for related authorities in controlling carbon intensity and improving energy efficiency.

Automated summary

This article examines the role of creativity in controlling carbon intensity in OPEC countries. Panel estimation techniques are used to analyze annual data from 1990 to 2018. The empirical evidence shows that patent rights and innovation are policy factors that help control carbon intensity, leading to an energy-efficient and environmentally friendly society. However, the impact of innovations is stronger than that of patents. On the other hand, urbanization and economic growth are key determinants that increase carbon intensity, while renewable energy has an insignificant effect. The empirical analysis, particularly on creativity, provides practical implications for authorities in controlling carbon intensity and improving energy efficiency.