Energy assessment of the ageing phenomenon in Li-Ion batteries and its impact on the vehicle range efficiency

The 2035 European Union ban on internal combustion engines pushes the transport industry toward alternative propulsion technologies. One of the most potent alternatives to the 250 million passenger automobiles in Europe is the use of electric vehicles with lithium-ion batteries as a special energy storage system. To develop a sus-tainable, money-saving, and mature technology like today's internal combustion engines, however, issues including battery deterioration, charging times, and safety must be addressed. In this study, Lithium Ferrum Phosphate and Nickel Manganese Cobalt, two distinct cathode chemistries indicative of transport solutions, are compared for cell performance and ageing. It is possible to improve battery design to increase capacity and lower the risk of thermal runaway by using experimental and numerical methods to evaluate and predict the battery ageing effect. The calibrated ageing model may also forecast battery life and its effect on the vehicle's driving range. The findings indicate that the Lithium Ferrum Phosphate cathode chemistry has a lower energy density and ages more quickly than the Nickel Manganese Cobalt, resulting in a shorter driving range. In specifically, a brand-new Nickel Manganese Cobalt battery provides 84 km of additional city driving range and 50 km of highway driving range over a Lithium Ferrum Phosphate battery. The Nickel Manganese Cobalt battery offers 53 km more driving range on the interstate and 91 km more in urban driving at the end of its useful life (20 % capacity loss).

Automated summary

The 2035 European Union ban on internal combustion engines promotes the adoption of alternative propulsion technologies in the transport industry, particularly electric vehicles with lithium-ion batteries. However, challenges such as battery deterioration, charging times, and safety must be addressed to develop a sustainable and mature technology. This study compares two cathode chemistries, Lithium Ferrum Phosphate and Nickel Manganese Cobalt, for their cell performance and ageing characteristics.