Comparative performance analysis of the flexible flat/curved PV modules with changing inclination angles

In the Building-integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) field, PV systems combined with curved surfaces are worth exploring to suit the aesthetic design and construction demands while related research is rare. The complicated nonplanar surface would result in inhomogeneous distribution of radiation, which would cause the electricity generation different from the flat module. In this study, we developed a theoretical model to estimate the curved copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) module's electrical power output, compared its performance to that of a flat module, and validated the model through experimental results of the PV modules with changing inclination angles (30 degrees, 75 degrees, and 90 degrees) under various weather conditions. Based on the verified model, the flat/curved module's electrical yield with different inclination angles are analyzed monthly and annually. The results indicated that with a small inclination angle, the flat module performs better than the curved module while the curved module shows superiority in annual electricity generation with a high inclination angle in summer. The influence of the inner shadow on the curved module's electrical yield is investigated theoretically. The curved PV modules could improve the aesthetics of the building and increase the electrical yield in particular situations, demonstrating its significant potential for application in curved PV roofs and curved PV facades.

Automated summary

In this study, a theoretical model was developed to estimate the electrical power output of curved photovoltaic modules and compared its performance with flat modules. The results showed that curved modules performed better in annual electricity generation with a high inclination angle in summer. Curved photovoltaic modules have the potential to improve aesthetics of buildings and increase electrical yield.