☆ 4.6 Review

Empagliflozin: A Review in Symptomatic Chronic Heart Failure

DRUGS (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Management of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: from neurohormonal antagonists to empagliflozin

Alberto Aimo et al.

Summary: HFpEF is a syndrome with multifaceted pathophysiology and clinical heterogeneity, which calls for personalized approaches in treatment. The recent discovery of SGLT2i therapy provides new perspectives on reducing the risk of death or hospitalization for patients with HFpEF.

HEART FAILURE REVIEWS (2023)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on cardiac structure and function

Giuseppina Novo et al.

Summary: SGLT2 inhibitors have shown beneficial effects in reducing cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure in high cardiovascular risk patients and those with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. Empagliflozin, in particular, has also shown favorable effects in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. These effects are not only related to glycemic control but also to hemodynamic improvements, anti-inflammatory effects, and improved cardiac energy metabolism.

HEART FAILURE REVIEWS (2023)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Empagliflozin, Health Status, and Quality of Life in Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction: The EMPEROR-Preserved Trial

Javed Butler et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the impact of Empagliflozin on health-related quality of life in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. The results showed that Empagliflozin reduced the risk of major heart failure outcomes and improved health-related quality of life. The effects were consistent across different levels of baseline health status.

CIRCULATION (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Effect of empagliflozin in patients with heart failure across the spectrum of left ventricular ejection fraction

Javed Butler et al.

Summary: The impact of empagliflozin on heart failure outcomes was consistent and clinically meaningful in patients with ejection fractions <25% to <65%, but attenuated in those with ejection fraction >= 65%.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2022)

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Editorial Material Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Early benefit with empagliflozin in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: insights from the EMPEROR-Preserved trial

Javed Butler et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Impact of anaemia and the effect of empagliflozin in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: findings from EMPEROR-Reduced

Joao Pedro Ferreira et al.

Summary: This study investigates the impact of empagliflozin on haematocrit and anaemia in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. It found that anaemia is associated with poor outcomes, and empagliflozin can reduce the risk of new-onset anaemia and improve heart failure and kidney outcomes, regardless of the baseline anaemia status.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE (2022)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Empagliflozin in the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction in addition to background therapies and therapeutic combinations (EMPEROR-Reduced): a post-hoc analysis of a randomised, double-blind trial

Subodh Verma et al.

Summary: This study analyzed the efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction in addition to background foundational treatments. The results showed that empagliflozin reduced the risk of cardiovascular death and heart failure hospitalization, as well as total heart failure hospital admissions, regardless of background therapy or medication doses. Empagliflozin was well tolerated across all subgroups of patients.

LANCET DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY (2022)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Emerging Horizons in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: The Role of SGLT2 Inhibitors

Rebecca Heath et al.

Summary: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a growing condition with limited treatment options. However, promising results from recent studies indicate that SGLT2 inhibitors may have a significant impact on reducing cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure in HFpEF patients.

DIABETES THERAPY (2022)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Comparative Efficacy of Five SGLT2i on Cardiorenal Events: A Network Meta-analysis Based on Ten CVOTs

Mei Qiu et al.

Summary: This study compared the efficacy of different SGLT2 inhibitors on cardiorenal outcomes in CVOTs. Canagliflozin was most effective in reducing MACE and HHF, while empagliflozin was most effective in reducing CVD, CVD or HHF, KFP, and ACD.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS (2022)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

New therapies for the treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Mackenzi L. Meier et al.

Summary: This review discusses the latest evidence for treating chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and highlights the potential benefits of specific medications. Recent studies have shown that sacubitril/valsartan and empagliflozin may be effective in treating HFpEF, which could have an impact on standard treatment for these patients.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACY (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Effects of Empagliflozin on Symptoms, Physical Limitations, and Quality of Life in Patients Hospitalized for Acute Heart Failure: Results From the EMPULSE Trial

Mikhail N. Kosiborod et al.

Summary: In patients hospitalized for acute heart failure, empagliflozin improved symptoms, physical limitations, and quality of life, with benefits seen as early as 15 days and maintained through 90 days. The study demonstrated clinical benefit of empagliflozin regardless of baseline symptomatic impairment.

CIRCULATION (2022)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Heart failure with mid-range or mildly reduced ejection fraction

Gianluigi Savarese et al.

Summary: HFmrEF, a subtype of heart failure, accounts for 25% of patients with heart failure, and has been relatively less explored compared to HFrEF and HFpEF. Patients with HFmrEF have milder symptoms and lower risk of cardiovascular events compared to those with HFrEF, but similar or greater risk of non-cardiovascular adverse events. Studies suggest that drugs effective in HFrEF patients may also be effective in HFmrEF patients.

NATURE REVIEWS CARDIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The SGLT2 inhibitor canagliflozin in heart failure: the CHIEF-HF remote, patient-centered randomized trial

John A. Spertus et al.

Summary: Large traditional clinical trials have shown that sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors can improve symptoms in heart failure patients. In a new trial conducted remotely (CHIEF-HF trial), canagliflozin was found to significantly improve symptoms in heart failure patients, regardless of ejection fraction or diabetes status.

NATURE MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure: a multinational randomized trial

Adriaan A. Voors et al.

Summary: The sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor empagliflozin improves clinical outcomes in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure, regardless of ejection fraction or the presence of diabetes.

NATURE MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Cardio-renal benefits of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: mechanisms and clinical evidence

Jose S. Aguilar-Gallardo et al.

Summary: The heart and the kidneys are closely interconnected, and the new class of medications called SGLT2 inhibitors have potential cardiovascular and renal benefits in patients with heart failure and chronic kidney disease.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOTHERAPY (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Uric acid and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibition with empagliflozin in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: the EMPEROR-reduced trial

Wolfram Doehner et al.

Summary: Hyperuricaemia is common in heart failure patients and is an independent predictor of disease severity and mortality. Empagliflozin rapidly and continuously reduces SUA levels and clinical events related to hyperuricaemia, with its benefit on the primary outcome being independent of SUA.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Empagliflozin and serum potassium in heart failure: an analysis from EMPEROR-Pooled

Joao Pedro Ferreira et al.

Summary: Empagliflozin reduces the incidence of hyperkalaemia without a significant increase in hypokalaemia.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Early changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate post-initiation of empagliflozin in EMPEROR-Reduced

Faiez Zannad et al.

Summary: This study aims to investigate the impact of early eGFR changes induced by empagliflozin on patients with heart failure. The study found that eGFR changes caused by empagliflozin do not have adverse effects on heart failure, mortality, or kidney safety.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Consensus statement on the current pharmacological prevention and management of heart failure

Andrew P. Sindone et al.

Summary: This article provides new recommendations for the pharmacological management of heart failure based on studies reported in Australia. The use of SGLT2 inhibitors and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists are recommended in different patient populations, and there are additional therapies that provide benefits in persistent heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction.

MEDICAL JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIA (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Effects of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor empagliflozin on vascular function in patients with chronic heart failure

Julie Kolwelter et al.

Summary: Empagliflozin improves vascular function and reduces afterload in patients with heart failure.

ESC HEART FAILURE (2022)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Relative Efficacy of Sacubitril-Valsartan, Vericiguat, and SGLT2 Inhibitors in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction: a Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

Alberto Aimo et al.

Summary: Through network meta-analysis, the study found that SGLT2i therapy showed the greatest effectiveness in treating heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, surpassing sacubitril/valsartan and vericiguat.

CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS AND THERAPY (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Cardiac and Kidney Benefits of Empagliflozin in Heart Failure Across the Spectrum of Kidney Function Insights From EMPEROR-Reduced

Faiez Zannad et al.

Summary: In the EMPEROR-Reduced trial, empagliflozin treatment had beneficial effects on key efficacy outcomes and slowed the rate of kidney function decline in patients with and without chronic kidney disease, regardless of the severity of kidney impairment at baseline.

CIRCULATION (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Effect of Empagliflozin on the Clinical Stability of Patients With Heart Failure and a Reduced Ejection Fraction The EMPEROR-Reduced Trial

Milton Packer et al.

Summary: Empagliflozin reduces the risk and total number of worsening heart failure events in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction, with benefits seen early after treatment initiation and sustained throughout the therapy.

CIRCULATION (2021)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Dapagliflozin: A Review in Symptomatic Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction

Hannah A. Blair

Summary: Dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor approved for treating adults with symptomatic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, significantly reduces the risk of heart failure worsening or cardiovascular death in patients with HFrEF, regardless of the presence of diabetes. The benefits of dapagliflozin are consistent across different background heart failure therapies.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Effect of Empagliflozin on Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure by Baseline Diabetes Status Results From the EMPEROR-Reduced Trial

Stefan D. Anker et al.

Summary: In patients with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, empagliflozin significantly improved cardiovascular and renal outcomes, regardless of baseline diabetes status, and across the continuum of HbA1c.

CIRCULATION (2021)

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Editorial Material Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

EMPEROR-REDUCED reigns while EMPERIAL whimpers

Mark C. Petrie et al.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Effect of empagliflozin on exercise ability and symptoms in heart failure patients with reduced and preserved ejection fraction, with and without type 2 diabetes

William T. Abraham et al.

Summary: The two trials showed neutral primary outcomes, but hypothesis-generating improvements were observed in exploratory analyses of secondary endpoints with empagliflozin in HFrEF patients.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Empagliflozin and health-related quality of life outcomes in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: the EMPEROR-Reduced trial

Javed Butler et al.

Summary: This secondary analysis of the EMPEROR-Reduced trial found that empagliflozin improved the risk of cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalization across a range of baseline health statuses. The benefits of empagliflozin in improving health status were sustained during long-term follow-up.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Influence of neprilysin inhibition on the efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in patients with chronic heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction: the EMPEROR-Reduced trial

Milton Packer et al.

Summary: The combination treatment of sacubitril/valsartan and empagliflozin in heart failure patients has been shown to reduce cardiovascular death or hospitalization risk, maintain stable glomerular filtration rate, and the effects are not diminished by intensive treatment.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

SGLT2-inhibitors; more than just glycosuria and diuresis

Amir Fathi et al.

Summary: SGLT2 inhibitors, originally developed for treating T2DM, have shown promise in reducing cardiovascular risk, particularly in HF outcomes, but the true mechanism of action is still being elucidated.

HEART FAILURE REVIEWS (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Randomized Trial of Empagliflozin in Nondiabetic Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction

Carlos G. Santos-Gallego et al.

Summary: This study found that empagliflozin significantly improved left ventricular function and volumes, functional capacity, and quality of life in nondiabetic HFrEF patients, compared to placebo. The observations strongly support the role of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in the treatment of HFrEF patients regardless of their glycemic status.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Associations of Empagliflozin With Left Ventricular Volumes, Mass, and Function in Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction A Substudy of the Empire HF Randomized Clinical Trial

Massar Omar et al.

Summary: Empagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, showed beneficial effects on cardiac remodeling in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. The drug significantly reduced left ventricular and atrial volumes without affecting ejection fraction after 12 weeks of treatment, suggesting potential benefits in managing HFrEF. Further studies are needed to explore the long-term effects of SGLT2 inhibitors beyond 12 weeks.

JAMA CARDIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Universal definition and classification of heart failure: a report of the Heart Failure Society of America, Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology, Japanese Heart Failure Society and Writing Committee of the Universal Definition of Heart Failure

Biykem Bozkurt et al.

Summary: This document proposes a universal definition of heart failure as a clinical syndrome and revised stages of HF, as well as a new classification based on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) levels. The classification includes HFrEF, HFmrEF, HFpEF, and HFimpEF based on LVEF percentages.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a multicenter randomized trial

Michael E. Nassif et al.

Summary: In a randomized trial, the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin significantly improved the health status and exercise function of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) over a 12-week period, which can lead to an enhanced quality of life for these patients.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Effects of empagliflozin on estimated extracellular volume, estimated plasma volume, and measured glomerular filtration rate in patients with heart failure (Empire HF Renal): a prespecified substudy of a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial

Jesper Jensen et al.

Summary: SGLT2 inhibitors show promise as a treatment option for heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction. This study aimed to investigate the effects of empagliflozin on various renal parameters in these patients. The results demonstrated that empagliflozin treatment led to reductions in estimated extracellular volume, estimated plasma volume, and measured GFR, suggesting that fluid volume changes may play a role in the beneficial effects of SGLT2 inhibitors.

LANCET DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Epidemiology of Heart Failure A Contemporary Perspective

Veronique L. Roger

Summary: This review summarizes recent studies on the epidemiology of heart failure (HF) over the past decade, indicating that while the incidence of HF is mostly flat or declining, the burden of mortality and hospitalization remains significant, especially with major disparities among younger Black men and women. Emerging risk factors and holistic management approaches may help improve the treatment and management of HF.

CIRCULATION RESEARCH (2021)

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Review Physiology

Potential Mechanisms of SGLT2 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction

Steffen Pabel et al.

Summary: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a growing concern in cardiovascular medicine, with SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) currently being investigated for treatment. These inhibitors have shown potential to improve comorbidities associated with HFpEF and may also directly enhance diastolic function.

FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Interplay of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists and Empagliflozin in Heart Failure

Joao Pedro Ferreira et al.

Summary: In patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction, the effects of empagliflozin were similar in those using or not using MRAs. Empagliflozin treatment was associated with less discontinuation of MRAs.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Cost-Effectiveness Evaluation of Add-on Empagliflozin in Patients With Heart Failure and a Reduced Ejection Fraction From the Healthcare System's Perspective in the Asia-Pacific Region

Chia-Te Liao et al.

Summary: The study suggests that adding empagliflozin to HFrEF treatment in the Asia-Pacific region is likely to be a cost-effective option compared to standard therapy alone. The incremental cost-effectiveness varies across countries, and the cost-effectiveness is influenced by the willingness to pay thresholds of different nations.

FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Effect of Empagliflozin on Worsening Heart Failure Events in Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction EMPEROR-Preserved Trial

Milton Packer et al.

Summary: Empagliflozin significantly reduced the risk of heart failure-related inpatient and outpatient events in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, including cardiovascular death, heart failure hospitalization, and urgent visits, while also decreasing total heart failure hospitalizations and intensive care admissions. Patients receiving empagliflozin may experience improved New York Heart Association functional class levels.

CIRCULATION (2021)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Insights Into the Results of Sotagliflozin Cardiovascular Outcome Trials: Is Dual Inhibition the Cherry on the Cake of Cardiorenal Protection?

Theocharis Koufakis et al.

Summary: Sotagliflozin, as a dual sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, has shown significant cardiovascular protection in heart failure patients and glucose-lowering effects.

DRUGS (2021)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

A Role for SGLT-2 Inhibitors in Treating Non-diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease

Lucia Del Vecchio et al.

Summary: SGLT2 inhibitors have shown significant protective effects on the kidney and cardiovascular system in both diabetic and non-diabetic CKD patients, as well as in patients with heart failure. They also have additional effects such as reducing blood pressure and serum uric acid levels, and increasing hemoglobin levels.

DRUGS (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure

Theresa A. McDonagh et al.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Dapagliflozin in heart failure with preserved and mildly reduced ejection fraction: rationale and design of the DELIVER trial

Scott D. Solomon et al.

Summary: The DELIVER trial is an international, multicenter study that aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure with preserved and mildly reduced ejection fraction. The primary endpoint is time-to-first cardiovascular death or worsening heart failure event, to be assessed in both the full population and in those with specific ejection fraction criteria. DELIVER will provide insights into the role of dapagliflozin as an adjunct therapy in patients with heart failure.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Concentration-dependent clinical and prognostic importance of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T in heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction and the influence of empagliflozin: the EMPEROR-Reduced trial

Milton Packer et al.

Summary: Elevations in circulating troponin levels reflect the clinical severity, stability, and prognosis of patients with heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction, with biomarkers, comorbidities, clinical course, and risks proportional to the magnitude of troponin elevation. Empagliflozin demonstrated favorable effects on heart failure and renal outcomes, regardless of the baseline concentration of troponin.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Prognostic Importance of NT-proBNP and Effect of Empagliflozin in the EMPEROR-Reduced Trial

Jr James L. Januzzi et al.

Summary: This study found that empagliflozin treatment reduced the risk of heart failure or renal events regardless of baseline NT-proBNP concentration in patients with heart failure.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Empagliflozin Improves Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Heart Failure Irrespective of Systolic Blood Pressure

Michael Boehm et al.

Summary: Empagliflozin was found to be effective and safe in patients with reduced ejection fraction heart failure, with no significant interaction between systolic blood pressure and the drug's effects. Patients with baseline systolic blood pressure <110 mm Hg did not experience an increased rate of symptomatic hypotension when treated with empagliflozin.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Empagliflozin in Heart Failure with a Preserved Ejection Fraction

Stefan D. Anker et al.

Summary: Empagliflozin reduces the risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure in patients with heart failure and a preserved ejection fraction, regardless of the presence or absence of diabetes.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Empagliflozin and Major Renal Outcomes in Heart Failure

Milton Packer et al.

Summary: Empagliflozin had different effects on renal outcomes in heart failure patients between two trials, with major adverse renal outcomes occurring in 2.8% of patients who received the drug and 3.5% of those who received a placebo.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Decoding empagliflozin's molecular mechanism of action in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction using artificial intelligence

Antoni Bayes-Genis et al.

Summary: The study investigated the mechanism of action of empagliflozin in HFpEF using artificial intelligence, showing that its main effect may be through modulation of cardiomyocyte oxidative stress via NHE1.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Mechanistic Insights of Empagliflozin in Nondiabetic Patients With HFrEF From the EMPA-TROPISM Study

Juan Antonio Requena-Ibanez et al.

Summary: Empagliflozin significantly improved adiposity, interstitial myocardial fibrosis, aortic stiffness, and inflammatory markers in nondiabetic patients with HFrEF, shedding new light on the mechanisms of action of the benefits of SGLT2-i.

JACC-HEART FAILURE (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Effects of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor empagliflozin on vascular function in patients with chronic heart failure

Julie Kolwelter et al.

Summary: The study aimed to analyze the effect of empagliflozin on vascular function in patients with HF by conducting a clinical trial. Results showed that treatment with empagliflozin improved vascular function by reducing afterload of the left ventricle, contributing to the beneficial effects of SGLT2 inhibition in HF.

ESC HEART FAILURE (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Effect of Empagliflozin on Left Ventricular Volumes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, or Prediabetes, and Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction (SUGAR-DM-HF)

Matthew M. Y. Lee et al.

Summary: The study confirmed the effectiveness of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor empagliflozin in reducing left ventricular volumes in patients with HFrEF, favoring reverse left ventricular remodeling. This may be one of the mechanisms by which sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors reduce heart failure hospitalization and mortality in HFrEF.

CIRCULATION (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Universal definition and classification of heart failure: a report of the Heart Failure Society of America, Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology, Japanese Heart Failure Society and Writing Committee of the Universal Definition of Heart Failure

Biykem Bozkurt et al.

Summary: This document proposes a universal definition, revised stages, and new classification of heart failure based on left ventricular ejection fraction. The classification includes HF with reduced, mildly reduced, preserved, and improved ejection fraction, each with specific LVEF thresholds.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE (2021)

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Review Cell Biology

Cellular and Molecular Differences between HFpEF and HFrEF: A Step Ahead in an Improved Pathological Understanding

Steven J. Simmonds et al.

CELLS (2020)

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Renal and Cardiovascular Effects of SGLT2 Inhibition in Combination With Loop Diuretics in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Heart Failure The RECEDE-CHF Trial

Natalie A. Mordi et al.

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Heart FailureWith Preserved Ejection Fraction Time for a Reset

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JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2020)

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Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes with Empagliflozin in Heart Failure

Milton Packer et al.

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Design of a prospective patient-level pooled analysis of two parallel trials of empagliflozin in patients with established heart failure

Milton Packer et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Effect of Empagliflozin on Hemodynamics in Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction

Massar Omar et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2020)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Benefits of Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors A State-of-the-Art Review

Gary D. Lopaschuk et al.

JACC-BASIC TO TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Evaluation of the effect of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibition with empagliflozin on morbidity and mortality of patients with chronic heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction: rationale for and design of the EMPEROR-Reduced trial

Milton Packer et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE (2019)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Rationale and design of the EMPERIAL-Preserved and EMPERIAL-Reduced trials of empagliflozin in patients with chronic heart failure

William T. Abraham et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE (2019)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Evaluation of the effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibition with empagliflozin on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure and a preserved ejection fraction: rationale for and design of the EMPEROR-Preserved Trial

Stefan D. Anker et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE (2019)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Dapagliflozin in Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction

J. J. V. McMurray et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2019)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Ageing, demographics, and heart failure

Andrew J. Stewart Coats

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL SUPPLEMENTS (2019)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Sex differences in heart failure

Carolyn S. P. Lam et al.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2019)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Unraveling the Molecular Mechanism of Action of Empagliflozin in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction With or Without Diabetes

Oriol Iborra-Egea et al.

JACC-BASIC TO TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE (2019)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Empagliflozin Improves Diastolic Function in a Nondiabetic Rodent Model of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction

Kim A. Connelly et al.

JACC-BASIC TO TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE (2019)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Heart failure outcomes with empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk: results of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME® trial

David Fitchett et al.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2016)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Empagliflozin and Progression of Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes

Christoph Wanner et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2016)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes

Bernard Zinman et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2015)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Pharmacodynamics, Efficacy and Safety of Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter Type 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Andre J. Scheen

DRUGS (2015)

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Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Update on developments with SGLT2 inhibitors in the management of type 2 diabetes

Michael A. Nauck

DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY (2014)

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