Positive predictive value of algorithms utilizing diagnosis codes for hidradenitis suppurativa and cutaneous abscess

Background: Requisite to the application of clinical databases for observational research in hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is the identification of an accurate case cohort. There is limited information on the validity of using diagnosis codes to identify hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) and cutaneous abscess (CA) case cohorts. Objectives: To assess the validity in utilizing diagnosis codes to establish the HS and CA cohorts from an integrated health system clinical database. Methods: In this retrospective study, we evaluated a case finding algorithm for HS which included the presence of at least one diagnosis code for HS and no diagnosis codes for CA of the axilla, groin, perineum, or buttock at any time. We evaluated a case finding algorithm for CA which included the presence of at least one diagnosis code for abscess in the axilla, groin, perineum, or buttock and no codes for HS at any time. Medical records for a random sample of 100 patients meeting algorithm criteria were reviewed and adjudicated by dermatologists for accuracy of diagnosis. The positive predictive values of the ICD code-based case definitions were calculated, using the dermatologist's chart-based adjudication as the reference standard. Results: Among 100 HS patients, median age [interquartile range (IQR)] in the HS cohort was 33 (95% CI 24.75, 43.25) years. HS patients were predominantly female (82%) and white (70%). Median age among 100 CA patients was 31.5 (95% CI 6.75, 47.25) years. The majority of cutaneous abscess patients were female (56%) and white (69%). The positive predictive values (PPV) of the ICD-based case finding algorithms for HS and CA were 88% (95% CI 81.6-94.4%) and 75.0% (95% CI 66.5-83.5%), respectively. Conclusion: The case-finding algorithms employing at least one diagnosis code for HS and cutaneous abscess of the axilla, groin, perineum, or buttock, with the exclusion of the other's diagnosis codes, has good to strong PPV and may provide balance in achieving accuracy and adequate power for cohorts identified within clinical databases.

Automated summary

This study evaluated the validity of using diagnosis codes to establish HS and CA cohorts, and concluded that patients with at least one HS diagnosis code and no CA diagnosis codes can be accurately determined as HS patients, while patients with at least one CA diagnosis code and no HS diagnosis codes can be mostly determined as CA patients. The positive predictive values of these algorithms for HS and CA were 88% and 75.0% respectively.