Transcriptional and post-transcriptional controls for tuning gene expression in plants

Plant biotechnologists seek to modify plants through genetic reprogramming, but our ability to precisely control gene expres-sion in plants is still limited. Here, we review transcription and translation in the model plants Arabidopsis thaliana and Nico-tiana benthamiana with an eye toward control points that may be used to predictably modify gene expression. We highlight differ-ences in gene expression requirements between these plants and other species, and discuss the ways in which our under-standing of gene expression has been used to engineer plants. This review is intended to serve as a resource for plant scientists looking to achieve precise control over gene expression.

Automated summary

This article reviews the transcription and translation processes in model plants Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana, discusses how our understanding of gene expression has been utilized in plant engineering, and highlights the differences in gene expression requirements among different species.