☆ 4.1 Review

In vitro models to study Clostridioides difficile infection: current systems and future advances

CURRENT OPINION IN GASTROENTEROLOGY (2023)

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The potential of microbiome replacement therapies for Clostridium difficile infection

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Summary: Recent studies have shown that using microbiome therapy to restore bile homeostasis and reduce the bioavailability of preferential nutrients can effectively target the germination ability of C. difficile spores and the growth rate of vegetative cells in treating C. difficile infection. Several biotechnology companies are developing microbiome therapies for CDI treatment, with clinical trials in progress.

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The use of first-generation cephalosporin antibiotics, cefalexin and cefradine, is not associated with induction of simulated Clostridioides difficile infection

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Summary: The study found that first-generation cephalosporins have minimal impact on the intestinal microbiota and low propensity to induce CDI.

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Study of the Adhesion of the Human Gut Microbiota on Electrospun Structures

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Antibiotic Prescribing Choices and Their Comparative C. Difficile Infection Risks: A Longitudinal Case-Cohort Study

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Eravacycline, a novel tetracycline derivative, does not induce Clostridioides difficile infection in an in vitro human gut model

Anthony M. Buckley et al.

Summary: The study found that eravacycline has an impact on the intestinal microbiota but with a low propensity to induce Clostridioides difficile infection. In contrast, moxifloxacin disrupts the microbiota leading to simulated C. difficile infection.

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Organoid-based Models to Study the Role of Host-microbiota Interactions in IBD

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Fusobacterium nucleatum Adheres to Clostridioides difficile via the RadD Adhesin to Enhance Biofilm Formation in Intestinal Mucus

Melinda A. Engevik et al.

Summary: The study revealed that certain mucus-associated bacteria can promote colonization and biofilm formation of C difficile, with some patients infected with C difficile harboring high levels of Fusobacterium species. The interaction between pathogenic C difficile and F nucleatum in the intestinal mucus layer is shown to be unique.

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Clostridioides difficile biofilms: A mechanism of persistence in the gut?

Lucy R. Frost et al.

Summary: Biofilms are structured bacterial communities encased in an extracellular matrix, which confer pathogens resistance to drugs and immune responses during human infections. Clostridioides difficile biofilms are considered important for the persistence of the bacterium in the gut and for recurrent infections, especially in the elderly who are associated with high rates of recurrence, due to disruption of the native gut microbiota caused by long-term antibiotic therapy.

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Biofilms harbour Clostridioides difficile, serving as a reservoir for recurrent infection

Charmaine Normington et al.

Summary: C. difficile infection is a global healthcare problem with a high failure rate in primary therapy, and biofilms may be a cause for recurrent infections. Biofilm members can impact C. difficile biofilm formation by acting antagonistically or synergistically.

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Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection Associates With Functional Alterations in Circulating microRNAs

Tanya M. Monaghan et al.

Summary: The study found that FMT for rCDI can lead to changes in miRs, which affect inflammatory genes and cellular protective effects, revealing potential therapeutic targets.

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Consistent Prebiotic Effects of Carrot RG-I on the Gut Microbiota of Four Human Adult Donors in the SHIME(R) Model despite Baseline Individual Variability

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In vivo efficacy of auranofin in a hamster model of Clostridioides difficile infection

Nader S. Abutaleb et al.

Summary: Clostridioides difficile infections are a significant public health threat globally, and auranofin shows potential as a new effective anti-CDI agent.

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Mortality Following Clostridioides difficile Infection in Europe: A Retrospective Multicenter Case-Control Study

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Bioengineering approaches to simulate human colon microbiome ecosystem

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Clostridioides difficile infection induces a rapid influx of bile acids into the gut during colonization of the host

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Summary: Research indicates that enteric infection leads to an influx of bile acids into the gut, causing the host to reduce bile acid biosynthesis gene expression, thus promoting the growth of Clostridioides difficile.

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Trehalose-Induced Remodelling of the Human Microbiota Affects Clostridioides difficile Infection Outcome in an In Vitro Colonic Model: A Pilot Study

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