Absorption, metabolism, bioactivity, and biotransformation of epigallocatechin gallate

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a typical flavone-3-ol polyphenol containing eight free hydroxyl groups, is associated with a variety of bioactivities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antibacterial activities. However, the poor bioavailability of EGCG restricts its use. In this review, we discuss the processes involved in the absorption and metabolism of EGCG, with a focus on its metabolic interactions with the gut microbiota. Next, we summarize the bioactivities of some key metabolites, describe the biotransformation of EGCG by different microorganisms, and discuss its catabolism by specific bacteria. A deeper understanding of the absorption, metabolism, and biotransformation of EGCG may enable its disease-preventive and therapeutic properties to be better utilized. This review provides a theoretical basis for further development and utilization of EGCG and its metabolites for improving the gut microbiota and physiological health.

Automated summary

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a flavone-3-ol polyphenol, has various bioactivities but limited bioavailability. This review discusses the absorption and metabolism of EGCG, focusing on its interactions with gut microbiota. The bioactivities of key metabolites, biotransformation by microorganisms, and catabolism by specific bacteria are also summarized. Understanding the absorption, metabolism, and biotransformation of EGCG can optimize its disease-preventive and therapeutic properties.