Transition metal nanoparticles as nanocatalysts for Suzuki, Heck and Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions

Transition metal (TM) catalyzed cross-coupling reactions are the utmost versatile and reliable methods for the production of many industrially important fine chemicals. The utilization of transition metals nanocatalysts in organic transformations, specifically the Suzuki, Heck, and Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions, have enticed the vigilant eye of researchers and technologists due to; (i) high surface area, (ii) higher number of surface atoms leading to large number of catalytic active centers, and (iii) chemical stability. Moreover, being colloidal, nanomaterials combine the properties of both homogeneous and heterogeneous, i.e., solubility in different solvents and ease in the separation of catalysts. This improves the overall catalytic efficiency and cost. Therefore, these pseudo-homogeneous nanocatalysts are gaining a great deal of attention due to their broad substrate scope and ease of handling. This review article focuses on the recent advances in developing nanostructured catalysts and their utilization for selective carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions, e.g., Suzuki, Heck, and Sonogashira coupling reactions. The main focus is laid on the reactions catalyzed by nanocatalysts derived from transition metals such as Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Ni, Fe, Au, and Zn, expounding the conception and rationale based on the reactivity improvement and the recyclability of the nanocatalysts are presented here. The heterogeneous catalysis, essential in daily chemical transformations, is demonstrated, implicating significant functions presented by the nanocata-lysts, related pros and cons, recyclability, and efficiency.(c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

Transition metal (TM) catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, particularly Suzuki, Heck, and Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions, using transition metal nanocatalysts have attracted significant attention due to their high surface area, large number of catalytic active centers, and chemical stability. The use of colloidal nanomaterials combines the advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, improving the overall catalytic efficiency and cost. This review article focuses on recent advances in developing nanostructured catalysts derived from transition metals, such as Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Ni, Fe, Au, and Zn, and their application in selective carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions.