4.4 Review

Soft tissue features of peri-implant diseases and related treatment

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Efficacy of keratinized mucosal augmentation with a collagen matrix concomitant to the surgical treatment of peri-implantitis: A dual-center randomized clinical trial

Myroslav Solonko et al.

Summary: Both surgical modalities showed similar improvements in clinical parameters for peri-implantitis treatment, with the autologous free gingival graft resulting in a greater increase in keratinized mucosa. Patients preferred the use of collagen matrix due to lower pain perception and analgesic consumption, despite similar surgical times.

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Prevalence and risk indicators of midfacial peri-implant soft tissue dehiscence at single site in the esthetic zone: A cross-sectional clinical and ultrasonographic study

Lorenzo Tavelli et al.

Summary: Peri-implant soft tissue dehiscence (PSTD) is common in the esthetic zone. Risk indicators for this condition include the presence of an adjacent implant, longer time in function of the implant, higher buccal bone distance (BBD), lower keratinized mucosa width (KMW), and reduced mucosal thickness (MT).

JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY (2022)

Review Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Surgical therapy of peri-implantitis

Frank Schwarz et al.

Summary: Surgical interventions are often necessary for managing peri-implantitis, with flap surgery improving treatment outcomes. While nonaugmentative therapies aim to resolve inflammation, augmentative approaches also seek to regenerate bone defects and achieve reosseointegration. Limited evidence supports the superiority of augmentative surgical techniques over nonaugmentation methods for peri-implantitis treatment.

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Volumetric tissue changes following combined surgical therapy of peri-implantitis: A 2-year follow-up analysis. A prospective case series

Karina Obreja et al.

Summary: This study assessed volumetric tissue changes following combined surgical therapy of peri-implantitis over a 24-month follow-up period. Results showed minor volumetric changes in peri-implant tissues with significant improvement in clinical parameters over the follow-up period.

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Summary: The study demonstrates that ultrasound color flow can serve as a valuable tool in evaluating the degree of clinical inflammation at implant sites and is directly correlated with clinical diagnoses.

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Soft tissue phenotype modification predicts gingival margin long-term (10-year) stability: Longitudinal analysis of six randomized clinical trials

Shayan Barootchi et al.

Summary: This study aimed to assess the prognostic value of soft tissue phenotype modification following root coverage procedures. The results showed that gingival thickness significantly influenced the long-term stability of the gingival margin.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY (2022)

Article Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Non-surgical mechanical therapy of peri-implantitis with or without repeated adjunctive diode laser application. A 6-month double-blinded randomized clinical trial

Andrea Roccuzzo et al.

Summary: This study investigated the outcomes of non-surgical therapy for peri-implantitis with or without adjunctive diode laser application. The results showed that repeated adjunctive diode laser treatment did not provide significant benefits compared to mechanical instrumentation alone.

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Recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor improves root coverage of a collagen matrix for multiple adjacent gingival recessions: A triple-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Lorenzo Tavelli et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy of recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor (rhPDGF)-BB combined with a cross-linked collagen matrix (CCM) for the treatment of multiple adjacent gingival recession type 1 defects (MAGRs). The results showed that rhPDGF could improve mean root coverage, increase gingival thickness, and enhance aesthetic outcomes for patients.

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The Influence of Keratinized Mucosa on the Nonsurgical Therapeutic Treatment of Peri-Implantitis

Carla Fons-Badal et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the response to treatment in implants with peri-implantitis and found that implants with keratinized mucosa had better results after non-surgical treatment and in their medium-term evolution.

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Prospective study assessing three-dimensional changes of mucosal healing following soft tissue augmentation using free gingival grafts

Puria Parvini et al.

Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the three-dimensional changes in soft tissue augmentation using free gingival grafts at implant sites over a 3-month follow-up period. Results indicated significant changes in surface area and thickness of the graft over time, with thickness shrinking post-surgery. The study highlights the importance of assessing dimensional changes in soft tissue augmentation procedures for successful outcomes.

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Review Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Peri-implant soft tissue phenotype modification and its impact on peri-implant health: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

Lorenzo Tavelli et al.

Summary: This study analyzed the efficacy of soft tissue augmentation procedures aimed at modifying the peri-implant soft tissue phenotype and their impact on peri-implant health. Results showed that using bilaminar techniques combined with soft tissue grafts resulted in a significant increase in mucosal thickness, while apically positioned flap techniques combined with free gingival grafts showed a significant increase in keratinized mucosa width.

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Article Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Macrophage polarization in peri-implantitis lesions

Maria Elisa Galarraga-Vinueza et al.

Summary: The study immunohistochemically characterized macrophage polarization at peri-implantitis sites and found that macrophages constituted a significant portion of the inflammatory cellular composition, with a higher expression of M1 phenotype in advanced peri-implantitis cases. This higher M1 expression may play a critical role in disease progression.

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Cross-sectional evaluation of clinical and immunological parameters at partially microgrooved vs machined abutments in humans

Gerhard Iglhaut et al.

Summary: The study aimed to compare clinical and immunological parameters in samples collected from peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) of machined titanium (M) abutments and titanium abutments with a laser-microtextured surface (LMS) on dental implants. Results showed that there were no significant differences in clinical parameters between LMS and M abutments, except for less bleeding on probing (BOP) in LMS abutments. Radiographic bone loss was reduced in the test group with LMS abutments, which also demonstrated less pro-inflammatory and more anti-inflammatory activity compared to M abutments.

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Immunohistological composition of peri-implantitis affected tissue around ceramic implants-A pilot study

Tobias Fretwurst et al.

Summary: The pilot study aimed to histologically classify inflamed peri-implant soft tissue around ceramic implants compared to titanium implants. It found a similar cell population distribution in peri-implantitis around both types of implants, with differences potentially dependent on the patient's specific immune status.

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Ultrasonographic tissue perfusion analysis at implant and palatal donor sites following soft tissue augmentation: A clinical pilot study

Lorenzo Tavelli et al.

Summary: This study described the application of power Doppler ultrasonography in assessing blood flow dynamics at implant and palatal donor sites following soft tissue augmentation. The results showed changes in blood flow at different time points, confirming the value and role of power Doppler US in the healing process of soft tissue grafts.

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Biomarker levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid of healthy implants, untreated and non-surgically treated implants with peri-implantitis

Diederik F. M. Hentenaar et al.

Summary: Implants with peri-implantitis have higher levels of IL-1beta and MMP-8 in peri-implant crevicular fluid compared to healthy implants. Non-surgical treatment did not improve biomarker levels, with IL-1beta and MMP-8 remaining high post-treatment. No differences were found in levels of other biomarkers between healthy and diseased implants.

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The peri-implant phenotype and implant esthetic complications. Contemporary overview

I-Ching (Izzie) Wang et al.

Summary: This study aims to explore the impact of hard and soft tissue structures surrounding osseointegrated dental implant on aesthetic complications, emphasizing the importance of respecting the biology of peri-implant tissues and anticipating their remodeling patterns before implant therapy to alleviate future aesthetic challenges.

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Probing single-tooth dental implants with and without prostheses: a cross-sectional study comparing healthy and peri-implant mucositis sites

Marta Garcia-Garcia et al.

Summary: The study found that the presence of a prosthesis in implants without interproximal bone loss led to an underestimation of probing depth, which was more significant in implants diagnosed with mucositis. However, the difference in probing depth with and without a crown was not significantly affected by diagnosis or implant location, except for buccal sites.

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Comprehensive peri-implant tissue evaluation with ultrasonography and cone-beam computed tomography: A pilot study

Rafael Siqueira et al.

Summary: The study aimed to explore the feasibility of ultrasonography (US) for imaging peri-implant tissues, showing high correlations between US measurements and CBCT as well as direct readings for crestal bone thickness and facial bone level. US was found to be a useful method for evaluating peri-implant facial crestal bone dimensions, and blood flow imaging could provide valuable information on inflammation severity.

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Alberto Monje et al.

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Role of thin gingival phenotype and inadequate keratinized mucosa width (<2 mm) as risk indicators for peri-implantitis and peri-implant mucositis

Amit S. Gharpure et al.

Summary: The study suggests that thin gingival phenotype (TnP) and inadequate keratinized mucosa width (KMW <2 mm) may be significant risk indicators for peri-implant disease and pain/discomfort during brushing.

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Diagnosis of inflammatory peri-implant diseases using an immunochromatographic assay for calprotectin in peri-implant crevicular fluid

Rie Kido et al.

Summary: This study used an IC chip to determine the amount of calprotectin in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) for predicting inflammatory peri-implant diseases, showing promising results for diagnosing such diseases.

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Maria Elisa Galarraga-Vinueza et al.

Summary: The study evaluated the influence of macrophage expression on peri-implantitis surgical treatment and found that macrophages may play a key role in tissue healing, particularly in controlling bleeding on probing, probing depth, and suppuration.

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The Effect of Three Surgical Therapies to Increase Keratinized Mucosa Surrounding Dental Implants with Peri-Implantitis: A Pilot Study

In-Kyung Lee et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the clinical outcomes of three different methods for increasing the keratinized mucosa surrounding dental implants with peri-implantitis. The porcine collagen matrix and free gingival graft groups had greater keratinized mucosa compared to the apically positioned flap group. All three surgical therapies showed favorable results for increasing the keratinized mucosa around the implants.

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Memory B Cell as an Indicator of Peri-implantitis Status: A Pilot Study

Danying Chen et al.

Summary: Memory B cells were significantly activated in peri-implantitis and responded to the suprastructure removal treatment. The lack of gingiva-resident memory B cells in the clinically healed implants serves as a hint for the weakness of peri-implant tissue against bacterial plaque.

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Evaluation of adipokines and inflammatory mediator expression levels in patients with periodontitis and peri-implantitis: a cross-sectional study

Sila Cagri Isler et al.

Summary: The study found that mRNA expression levels of biomarkers were significantly higher in periodontitis patients compared to healthy individuals, while levels of leptin, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 were higher in peri-implantitis patients. Presence of current periodontitis may enhance expression levels of adiponectin, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 in peri-implant soft tissue.

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Is there a need for keratinized mucosa around implants to maintain health and tissue stability?

Jan L. Wennstrom et al.

CLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH (2012)

Article Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

The epidemiology of peri-implantitis

Andrea Mombelli et al.

CLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH (2012)

Article Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Histological Analysis of Soft and Hard Tissues in a Periimplantitis Lesion: A Human Case Report

Soong-Ryong Jung et al.

IMPLANT DENTISTRY (2012)

Article Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Matrix metalloproteinase-8 is the major potential collagenase in active peri-implantitis

Hikaru Arakawa et al.

JOURNAL OF PROSTHODONTIC RESEARCH (2012)

Article Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Prevalence of periimplant disease in partially edentulous patients: a practice-based cross-sectional study

Sven Rinke et al.

CLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH (2011)

Article Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

The effect of zirconia and titanium implant abutments on light reflection of the supporting soft tissues

Ralph van Brakel et al.

CLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH (2011)

Article Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Anti-infective treatment of peri-implant mucositis: a randomised controlled clinical trial

Lisa J. A. Heitz-Mayfield et al.

CLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH (2011)

Article Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Are peri-implantitis lesions different from periodontitis lesions?

Tord Berglundh et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY (2011)

Article Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Neutrophil elastase activity and concentrations of interleukin1-β in crevicular fluid after immediate replacement and immediate loading of implants

Reinhard Gruber et al.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF ORAL & MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY (2010)

Review Immunology

Alternative Activation of Macrophages: Mechanism and Functions

Siamon Gordon et al.

IMMUNITY (2010)

Article Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Esthetic Index for Anterior Maxillary Implant-Supported Restorations

Gintaras Juodzbalys et al.

JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY (2010)

Article Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Levels After Surgical Anti-infective Mechanical Therapy for Peri-Implantitis: A 12-Month Follow-Up

Adriana Cutrim de Mendonca et al.

JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY (2009)

Article Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Effect of Anti-Infective Mechanical Therapy on Clinical Parameters and Cytokine Levels in Human Peri-Implant Diseases

Poliana Mendes Duarte et al.

JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY (2009)

Article Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

The dimensions of keratinized mucosa around implants affect clinical and immunological parameters

Hadar Zigdon et al.

CLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH (2008)

Article Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Prevalence and risk variables for peri-implant disease in Brazilian subjects

S. D. Ferreira et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY (2006)

Article Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Nine- to fourteen-year follow-up of implant treatment.: Part II:: presence of peri-implant lesions

AM Roos-Jansåker et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY (2006)

Article Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Nine- to fourteen-year follow-up of implant treatment.: Part III:: factors associated with peri-implant lesions

AM Roos-Jansåker et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY (2006)

Article Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Evaluation of soft tissue around single-tooth implant crowns:: the pink esthetic score

R Fürhauser et al.

CLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH (2005)

Article Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Levels and molecular forms of MMP-7 (matrilysin-1) and MMP-8 (collagenase-2) in diseased human peri-implant sulcular fluid

M Kivela-Rajamaki et al.

JOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH (2003)

Article Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Immunohistochemical characteristics of inflammatory lesions at implants

F Gualini et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY (2003)

Review Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Epithelial structural proteins of the skin and oral cavity: Function in health and disease

RB Presland et al.

CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ORAL BIOLOGY & MEDICINE (2000)