Palladium(0)-Catalyzed Anti-Selective Addition-Cyclizations of Alkynyl Electrophiles

Palladium(0)/monophosphine complexes catalyze anti-selective alkylative, arylative, and alkynylative cyclizations of alkynyl electrophiles with organometallic reagents. The remarkable anti-selectivity results from novel oxidative addition, that is, the nucleophilic attack of electron-rich palladium(0) on the electrophile across the alkyne followed by transmetalation and reductive elimination (anti-Wacker-type cyclization). With regard to 5-alkynals, triphenylphosphine (PPh3)-ligated palladium(0) catalyzes the cyclization of terminal alkynes and conjugated alkenyl- or alkynyl-substituted ones to afford 2-cyclohexen-1-ol and 2-alkylidene-cyclopentanol derivatives, respectively. For 6-alkyl- or 6-aryl-5-alkynals, the cyclization does not proceed with the palladium/PPh3 catalyst; however, it does proceed with palladium/tricyclohexylphosphine (PCy3), to yield the former products predominantly. Remarkably, the latter catalyst completely switches the regioselectivity in the cyclization of the conjugated diyne-aldehydes. Notably, palladium/PPh3-catalyzed cyclizations also proceed with other organometallics or even without them.

Automated summary

Palladium(0)/monophosphine complexes catalyze anti-selective cyclizations of alkynyl electrophiles with organometallic reagents. The reaction proceeds via novel oxidative addition, transmetalation, and reductive elimination, resulting in the formation of cyclic products. The regioselectivity of the cyclization can be controlled by the choice of phosphine ligand.