The quest for negative electrode materials for Supercapacitors: 2D materials as a promising family

With increasing clean energy demands and the rapid progress of flexible electronics, research on high-performance supercapacitors (SCs) has recently attracted significant attention. Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attained great interest for energy applications due to their distinctive physical, chemical, and electrochemical properties. Although significant advances have been made for positive-electrode (cathode) materials, a negative-electrode (anode) is comparatively less explored for SCs applications. Anode plays a vital role in getting the overall high performance of SC devices; however, it is challenging to strike a balance between anode and cathode. This review focuses on the recent advances in 2D materials-based negative electrodes for SCs beyond carbon/graphene-based materials. First, we briefly introduce the general classification, structure, and importance of negative electrodes for SC and technological advances in device fabrications. We then summarized the various 2D materials-based negative electrodes for SCs: graphene, metal carbides/nitrides (MXenes), metal oxides, metal sulfides, metal selenides, metal nitrides, and metal-organic framework-derived 2D materials. The excellent controllability and diversity of the surface properties and chemical composition of 2D materials can provide a valuable opportunity to enhance the overall performance of SCs. Finally, the challenges and outlooks for the future development of 2D materials-based negative electrodes for SCs are discussed.

Automated summary

With the increasing demand for clean energy and the rapid development of flexible electronics, research on high-performance supercapacitors (SCs) has gained significant attention. This review focuses on the recent advances in 2D materials-based negative electrodes for SCs and discusses the challenges and outlooks for future development.