Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron rough-type lipopolysaccharide: The chemical structure and the immunological activity

Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron is one of the most extensively studied symbionts of the human gut. Despite its widespread distribution among human populations, still very little is known about the role of its cell envelope in the crosstalk with the immune system. Due to the extraordinary characteristic of B. thetaiotaomicron to express multiple capsular polysaccharides on its surface, research activities focused on defining how these polymers affect immune responses. This resulted in the drawback of neglecting another immunostimulatory cell surface glycoconjugate, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS). By taking advantage of an acapsular mutant of B. thetaiotaomicron, here we describe the characterization of the structure of the rough-type LPS produced by this gut mutualist. This was made up of a mono-phosphorylated and hypoacylated lipid A and of a highly charged core oligosaccharide. In vitro studies revealed a weak ability to engage the MD-2/TLR4 pathway, while it was able to promote TLR2-mediated response.

Automated summary

Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, a symbiont of the human gut, is extensively studied, but little is known about its cell envelope's interaction with the immune system. This research investigates the structure and immunostimulatory properties of its lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The study reveals that the rough-type LPS produced by B. thetaiotaomicron promotes TLR2-mediated immune response but has a weak ability to engage the MD-2/TLR4 pathway.