Smoking and Diabetes: Sex and Gender Aspects and Their Effect on Vascular Diseases

Smoking and diabetes mellitus (DM) have been identified as 2 major cardiovascular risk factors for many years. In the field of cardiovascular diseases, considering sex differences, or gender differences, or both has become an essential element in moving toward equitable and quality health care. We reviewed the effect of sex or gender on the link between smoking and DM. The risk of type 2 DM due to smoking has been established in both sexes at the same level. As is the case in the general population, the prevalence of smoking in those with DM is higher in men than in women, although the decrease in smoking

Automated summary

Smoking and diabetes mellitus are two major cardiovascular risk factors, and considering gender differences is crucial for providing equitable and quality healthcare. In this review, the effect of gender on the link between smoking and diabetes mellitus was examined, and it was found that the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus due to smoking is consistent in both sexes.