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From Tasmania to the world: long and strong traditions in seaweed use, research, and development

期刊

BOTANICA MARINA
卷 66, 期 1, 页码 1-36

出版社

WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH
DOI: 10.1515/bot-2022-0061

关键词

aquaculture; ecology; ocean global change; physiology; seaweeds; taxonomy

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Tasmania is an island state in south-eastern Australia known for its extensive history of seaweed use and research. The Aboriginal peoples of Tasmania have utilized seaweed for thousands of years for various purposes, including food, shelter, and medicine. The ecological and physiological studies conducted in Tasmania have significantly contributed to the global understanding of seaweed systems, particularly in areas such as community resilience and responses to global change. The decline in seaweed canopy cover and the development of aquaculture initiatives are also notable features of Tasmania's seaweed industry.
Tasmania is an island state in south-eastern Australia that has a long and rich history of seaweed use, research, and development. It is a cool-temperate system with 750 macroalgal species currently described. Tasmanian Aboriginal peoples have lived on this land for at least 40,000 years utilising seaweed as food, shelter, water carriers and medicine, as well as for ceremonial reasons. Modern taxonomic investigations began with French naturalist Jacques-Julien Houtou de La Billardiere in 1791, and there are 184 type specimens of seaweeds originating from Tasmania. Ecological and physiological studies of seaweed in Tasmania have focussed on the dominant large brown seaweeds (Laminariales and Fucales) and have contributed significantly to the global understanding of these systems, particularly related to community resilience, seaweed-urchin interactions, their habitat-forming role for other species, responses to global change, and restoration of lost habitat. Ocean warming and changing oceanography have caused a 95% decline in surface canopy cover of Macrocystis pyrifera in eastern Tasmania since the 1950s and led to a focus on restoring these lost forests. Tasmanian seaweed communities have a uniquely high proportion (up to & SIM;90%) of seaweeds that rely solely on CO2 for photosynthesis, which has implications for responses to ocean acidification. Tasmania has industries that use brown seaweeds for fucoidan extraction and beach-cast harvest for alginates, fertilisers, and feeds for agriculture. New aquaculture initiatives include integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, offshore kelp mariculture and Asparagopsis cultivation for bioactive products to reduce methane emissions in ruminants, as and the development of unexploited species including Caulerpa spp. for food.

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