Measles second dose vaccine utilization and associated factors among children aged 24-35 months in Sub-Saharan Africa, a multi-level analysis from recent DHS surveys

Background Although a safe and effective vaccine is available, measles remains an important cause of mortality and morbidity among young children in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The WHO and UNICEF recommended measles-containing vaccine dose 2 (MCV2) in addition to measles-containing vaccine dose 1 (MCV1) through routine services strategies. Many factors could contribute to the routine dose of MCV2 coverage remaining far below targets in many countries of this region. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of MCV2 utilization among children aged 24-35 months and analyze factors associated with it by using recent nationally representative surveys of SSA countries. Methods Secondary data analysis was done based on recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) data from eight Sub-Saharan African countries. In this region, only eight countries have a record of routine doses of measles-containing vaccine dose 2 in their DHS dataset. The multilevel binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify significantly associated factors. Variables were extracted from each of the eight country's KR files. Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) and p-value <= 0.05 in the multivariable model were used to declare significant factors associated with measles-containing vaccine dose 2 utilization. Result The pooled prevalence of MCV2 utilization in SSA was 44.77% (95% CI: 27.10-62.43%). In the multilevel analysis, mothers aged 25-34 years [AOR = 1.15,95% CI (1.05-1.26), mothers aged 35 years and above [AOR = 1.26, 95% CI (1.14-1.41)], maternal secondary education and above [AOR = 1.27, 95% CI (1.13-1.43)], not big problem to access health facilities [AOR = 1.21, 95% CI (1.12-1.31)], four and above ANC visit [AOR = 2.75, 95% CI (2.35-3.24)], PNC visit [AOR = 1.13, 95% CI (1.04-1.23)], health facility delivery [AOR = 2.24, 95% CI (2.04-2.46)], were positively associated with MCV2 utilization. In contrast, multiple twin [AOR = 0.70, 95% CI (0.53-0.95)], rural residence [AOR = 0.69, 95% CI (0.57-0.82)] and high community poverty [AOR = 0.66, 95% CI (0.54-0.80)] were found to be negatively associated with MCV2 utilization. Conclusions and recommendations Measles-containing vaccine doses 2 utilization in Sub-Saharan Africa was relatively low. Individual-level factors and community-level factors were significantly associated with low measles-containing vaccine dose 2 utilization. The MCV2 utilization could be improved through public health intervention by targeting rural residents, children of uneducated mothers, economically poor women, and other significant factors this study revealed.

Automated summary

The utilization rate of measles-containing vaccine dose 2 (MCV2) is relatively low in Sub-Saharan Africa. Individual-level and community-level factors are significantly associated with low MCV2 utilization. Public health interventions targeting rural residents, children of uneducated mothers, economically poor women, and other significant factors identified in this study could improve MCV2 utilization.