Risk factors affecting COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness identified from 290 cross-country observational studies until February 2022: a meta-analysis and meta-regression

Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Effectiveness and Durability of COVID-19 Vaccination in 9447 Patients With IBD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Anuraag Jena et al.

Summary: Complete COVID-19 vaccination is associated with seroconversion in most patients with IBD. The decay in titers over time necessitates consideration of additional doses in these patients.

CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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Review Immunology

COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness among immunocompromised populations: a targeted literature review of real-world studies

Manuela Di Fusco et al.

Summary: A targeted literature review summarized 10 studies conducted between December 2020 and September 2021, revealing lower effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines among immunocompromised populations compared to the general populations. It emphasizes the need for additional protective measures for immunocompromised individuals to prevent infection and associated illness.

EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES (2022)

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Review Infectious Diseases

Real-world effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines: a literature review and meta-analysis

Caifang Zheng et al.

Summary: A meta-analysis showed that COVID-19 vaccines have high efficacy in real-world settings, providing significant protection against SARS-CoV-2-related diseases. Fully vaccinated individuals had vaccine effectiveness of 89.1% against infection, 97.2% against hospitalization, 97.4% against ICU admission, and 99.0% against death.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Association of COVID-19 Vaccination With Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Time Since Vaccination and Delta Variant Predominance

Amadea Britton et al.

Summary: This study examines the associations between COVID-19 vaccination and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly during the Delta variant period. The findings suggest a lower vaccine effectiveness during the Delta variant period and a gradual attenuation of vaccine effectiveness over time.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2022)

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Article Virology

Characterization of the novel SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant of concern and its global perspective

Shailendra K. Saxena et al.

Summary: Omicron is the latest variant of concern of SARS-CoV-2, with more mutations compared to the previous Delta variant. Fifteen of these mutations are located in the receptor-binding domain of the spike glycoprotein, which may affect transmissibility, infectivity, antibody neutralization, and vaccine efficacy. The study provides insights into the mutational hotspots of Omicron and its global impact on transmission, testing, and immunity.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2022)

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Review Virology

Postvaccination SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Saurabh Chandan et al.

Summary: Healthcare workers are at high risk of infection during the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies show that the risk of COVID-19 infection in partially and fully vaccinated healthcare workers remains significantly lower compared to unvaccinated individuals.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Effectiveness of COVID-19 booster vaccines against COVID-19-related symptoms, hospitalization and death in England

Nick Andrews et al.

Summary: This study examined the relative and absolute effectiveness of mRNA booster vaccination against COVID-19. The results showed that the booster dose of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 had a relative effectiveness ranging from 85% to 95% against symptomatic disease, and an absolute effectiveness ranging from 94% to 97%. For hospitalization or death, the absolute effectiveness of the BNT162b2 booster ranged from 97% to 99% in all age groups. The study provides real-world evidence of significantly increased protection from the booster vaccine dose against mild and severe disease.

NATURE MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Effectiveness of mRNA-1273 against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta variants

Hung Fu Tseng et al.

Summary: A test-negative case-control analysis using data from a diverse population in California, USA, demonstrates that vaccine efficacy of a three-dose regimen of the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine is reduced against infection with the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant in comparison to Delta, but that efficacy against hospitalization remained high for both variants.

NATURE MEDICINE (2022)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Waning mRNA-1273 Vaccine Effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Qatar

Laith J. Abu-Raddad et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effectiveness of Covid-19 Vaccines over a 9-Month Period in North Carolina

Dan-Yu Lin et al.

Summary: In a study conducted in North Carolina, Covid-19 vaccines were found to be highly effective in preventing hospitalization and death for up to 9 months after vaccination. The decrease in protection against infection over time was attributed to both declining immunity and the emergence of the delta variant.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Immunology

Real-world Effectiveness of the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 and Oxford-AstraZeneca ChAdOx1-S Vaccines Against SARS-CoV-2 in Solid Organ and Islet Transplant Recipients

Chris J. Callaghan et al.

Summary: The study in England found that vaccination of SOT recipients against SARS-CoV-2 can reduce infection-related mortality, with better outcomes seen in recipients of the ChAdOx1-S vaccine. However, overall protection remains inferior to that in the general population.

TRANSPLANTATION (2022)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

The efficacy and effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines in reducing infection, severity, hospitalization, and mortality: a systematic review

Ibrahim Mohammed et al.

Summary: This article compares the efficacy and effectiveness of seven COVID-19 vaccines through a systematic review, revealing that these vaccines have successfully reduced infection rates, severity, hospitalization, and mortality. The full-dose regimen of the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine shows the highest effectiveness against various variants.

HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS (2022)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

COVID-19 Incidence and Death Rates Among Unvaccinated and Fully Vaccinated Adults with and Without Booster Doses During Periods of Delta and Omicron Variant Emergence — 25 U.S. Jurisdictions, April 4–December 25, 2021

Amelia G. Johnson et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2022)

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Article Immunology

Effectiveness and Efficacy of Vaccine on Mutated SARS-CoV-2 Virus and Post Vaccination Surveillance: A Narrative Review

Ihsanul Hafiz et al.

Summary: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact worldwide since December 2019. Concerns arise as the virus mutates, potentially reducing the effectiveness of vaccines. The development and monitoring of vaccines have become crucial in overcoming these challenges.

VACCINES (2022)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Efficiency decreases

Halane Vaillant-Roussel et al.

EXERCER-LA REVUE FRANCOPHONE DE MEDECINE GENERALE (2022)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Effectiveness of Ad26.COV2.S and BNT162b2 Vaccines against Omicron Variant in South Africa

Glenda Gray et al.

Summary: The effectiveness of two doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine and the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine in South Africa against the omicron variant was assessed. Both vaccines provided a high level of protection against severe Covid-19.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Immunology

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Symptomatic Infections in Previously Infected or Vaccinated South African Healthcare Workers

Marta C. Nunes et al.

Summary: The study found a high rate of reinfection and vaccine breakthrough infection with the Omicron variant among healthcare workers. Prior infection and high anti-spike IgG concentration were found to be protective against Omicron infection.

VACCINES (2022)

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Review Immunology

Expert review on global real-world vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2

Sunate Chuenkitmongkol et al.

Summary: COVID-19 vaccines provide consistently high protection against serious clinical outcomes, regardless of variant. Different types of vaccines show equivalent effectiveness. Encouraging strategies to reduce COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths is more important than preventing infections with specific variants.

EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES (2022)

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Article Immunology

Antigenic cartography of SARS-CoV-2 reveals that Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 are antigenically distinct

Anna Z. Mykytyn et al.

Science Immunology (2022)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Duration of effectiveness of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease: results of a systematic review and meta-regression

Daniel R. Feikin et al.

Summary: This study systematically reviewed the duration of protection provided by COVID-19 vaccines against various clinical outcomes. The findings indicate that the effectiveness or efficacy of the vaccines decreased from 1 to 6 months after full vaccination, but remained high against severe disease. Evaluating the effectiveness or efficacy of vaccines beyond 6 months is crucial for updating vaccine policies.

LANCET (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK

Merryn Voysey et al.

Summary: The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine has been shown to have an acceptable safety profile and effectiveness against symptomatic COVID-19, with higher efficacy observed in the group that received a low dose followed by a standard dose.

LANCET (2021)

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Review Infectious Diseases

Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection with the Delta (B.1.617.2) variant: second interim results of a living systematic review and meta-analysis, 1 January to 25 August 2021

Thomas Harder et al.

Summary: Research shows that COVID-19 vaccines are effective in preventing various degrees of infection, with efficacy rates of 63.1%, 75.7%, and 90.9% against asymptomatic infection, symptomatic infection, and hospitalization, respectively. Compared to the Alpha variant, the efficacy against mild outcomes is slightly reduced by 10-20%, but remains fully maintained against severe COVID-19.

EUROSURVEILLANCE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

PRISMA-S: an extension to the PRISMA Statement for Reporting Literature Searches in Systematic Reviews

Melissa L. Rethlefsen et al.

Summary: This document presents the PRISMA-S checklist, which aims to address the issue of poor reporting in literature searches in systematic reviews and related review types. The checklist includes 16 reporting items and provides a tool for authors, editors, and peer reviewers to verify complete reporting of search methods.

SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Waning of BNT162b2 Vaccine Protection against SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Qatar

Hiam Chemaitelly et al.

Summary: In a study conducted in Qatar involving over 900,000 participants, vaccine effectiveness peaked at 77.5% in the first month after the second dose. However, it declined afterwards to as low as 20% in months 5 through 7 after vaccination, while protection against severe Covid-19 remained above 90% for at least 6 months.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Immunology

SARS-CoV-2: Emergence of New Variants and Effectiveness of Vaccines

Desh Deepak Singh et al.

Summary: The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants poses challenges to the efficacy of current vaccines, which target the spike (S) glycoprotein. Efforts are ongoing globally to control the pandemic situation.

FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Review Infectious Diseases

Effectiveness and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in real-world studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Qiao Liu et al.

Summary: This study included 58 studies, with the effectiveness of a single dose vaccine in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections at 41% and two doses reaching 85% effectiveness. The vaccines are generally safe and help reduce the incidence of COVID-19-related deaths and severe cases.

INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF POVERTY (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Incidence and Estimated Vaccine Effectiveness Against Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Persons Tested in US Retail Locations, May 1 to August 7, 2021

Ying P. Tabak et al.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews

Matthew J. Page et al.

Summary: The PRISMA statement was designed to help systematic reviewers transparently report the purpose, methods, and findings of their reviews. The updated PRISMA 2020 statement includes new reporting guidance, a 27-item checklist, an abstract checklist, and revised flow diagrams for reviews.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2021)

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Review Immunology

Efficacy and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

Ali Pormohammad et al.

Summary: This study systematically reviewed the clinical features of COVID-19 vaccines in clinical trials, finding that mRNA-based and adenovirus-vectored vaccines exhibited different efficacy and side effect profiles. Both types of vaccines showed high efficacy after the first and second doses, with mRNA-based vaccines having higher reported side effects.

VACCINES (2021)

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Review Immunology

The Implementation of Mass-Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review of Existing Strategies and Guidelines

Tasnim Hasan et al.

Summary: This systematic review summarized the global mass-vaccination efforts for COVID-19 in the first three months, showing prioritization of frontline healthcare workers and elderly in all policies but limited information on staffing, cold chain, etc. Studies indicated that vaccination led to reduced spread of the virus and severity of cases.

VACCINES (2021)

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Review Infectious Diseases

Efficacy and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection: interim results of a living systematic review, 1 January to 14 May 2021

Thomas Harderi et al.

Summary: Vaccination is highly effective in preventing symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19 infections in fully vaccinated individuals, with efficacy rates ranging from 80-90% in almost all studies. Fully vaccinated persons are less likely to become infected and contribute to virus transmission.

EUROSURVEILLANCE (2021)

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Review Virology

Safety and effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Yunzhi Ling et al.

Summary: The study found that the incidence of adverse reactions of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines currently undergoing clinical trials is high, with common adverse reactions being pain, swelling, and fever at the injection site. From the perspective of effectiveness and safety, RNA vaccines perform the best among the three types of vaccines.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2021)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Considerations in boosting COVID-19 vaccine immune responses

Philip R. Krause et al.

LANCET (2021)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines: findings from real world studies

David A. Henry et al.

Summary: Community-based studies in five countries consistently show strong benefits from early rollouts of COVID-19 vaccines.

MEDICAL JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIA (2021)

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News Item Multidisciplinary Sciences

CHINA'S CORONAVAC JAB SET TO BOOST GLOBAL IMMUNIZATION CAMPAIGN

Smriti Mallapaty

NATURE (2021)

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News Item Medicine, General & Internal

Covid-19 booster vaccines: What we know and who's doing what

Elisabeth Mahase

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2021)

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Review Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

SARS-CoV-2 variants and effectiveness of vaccines: a review of current evidence

Elizabeth-Barbara Tatsi et al.

Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 virus is evolving rapidly, with the Delta variant of Indian origin being the dominant and most contagious worldwide. Though vaccines are promising, their effectiveness varies against different variants.

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION (2021)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal