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Review
Infectious Diseases
Joan B. Soriano et al.
Summary: People with COVID-19 might experience long-term symptoms known as long COVID or long-haul COVID. The lack of a standardized definition hinders the understanding and treatment of this condition. In a WHO-led Delphi process, a consensus definition was developed, stating that post-COVID-19 condition occurs in individuals with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with symptoms lasting for at least 2 months and impacting everyday functioning. This common framework provides a foundation for future studies and therapy.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Cesar Fernandez-de-las-Penas
Article
Infectious Diseases
Qiutang Xiong et al.
Summary: The study described the common clinical sequelae in COVID-19 survivors discharged from the hospital for more than 3 months, including general symptoms, respiratory symptoms, cardiovascular-related symptoms, psychosocial symptoms, and alopecia. Female patients were more likely to experience physical decline/fatigue, postactivity polypnoea, and alopecia.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Bram van den Borst et al.
Summary: This study conducted a comprehensive health assessment on recovered COVID-19 patients from Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands, and found severe problems in multiple health domains. The research revealed that a significant number of discharged patients experienced lung function abnormalities, residual pulmonary parenchymal abnormalities, low exercise capacity, mental and cognitive issues, as well as fatigue. Longer follow-up studies are needed to understand natural trajectories and predictors of complicated long-term recovery paths.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Serena Venturelli et al.
Summary: Bergamo province implemented a multidisciplinary follow-up program for COVID-19 patients, with over half of the initial group still experiencing symptoms such as fatigue, dyspnoea, and post-traumatic psychological consequences; additionally, 19% showed impaired lung function, and 17% had elevated D-dimer levels suggesting possible pulmonary embolism.
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Chaolin Huang et al.
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the long-term health consequences of discharged COVID-19 patients and associated risk factors, particularly disease severity. Patients with more severe illness during hospitalization showed more severe impaired pulmonary diffusion capacities and abnormal chest imaging manifestations, highlighting the need for targeted interventions for long-term recovery.
Article
Respiratory System
David T. Arnold et al.
Summary: The study found that most COVID-19 patients still experienced persistent symptoms and limitations in physical ability during the recovery period, but clinically significant abnormalities in chest radiograph, exercise tests, blood tests, and spirometry were less frequent, especially in patients who did not require supplementary oxygen during their acute infection.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Ann M. Parker et al.
Summary: As of July 31, 2021, nearly 200 million people worldwide have been infected with SARS-CoV-2, leading to substantial burden of long-term health effects such as fatigue, dyspnoea, cognitive and mental health impairments. A coordinated, multidisciplinary approach is necessary to address these complex health impairments.
LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Rachael A. Evans et al.
Summary: The study aimed to understand the impact of COVID-19-related hospitalization on health and employment, identify factors associated with recovery, and describe recovery phenotypes. Findings revealed that some patients did not fully recover six months after discharge, with factors such as female sex, middle age, comorbidities, and severe illness contributing to difficulties in recovery. The study also identified four different recovery phenotypes.
LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Destin Groff et al.
Summary: This systematic review found that more than half of COVID-19 survivors experienced PASC 6 months after recovery, with the most common effects being functional mobility impairments, pulmonary abnormalities, and mental health disorders.
Article
Respiratory System
Sara Buttery et al.
Summary: The survey found that the most reported ongoing symptoms in long COVID patients were breathing problems, fatigue, muscle weakness, sleep disturbances, mental abilities issues, mood changes, including anxiety and depression, and cough. Analysis of free-text responses revealed three main themes: living with COVID-19, unsatisfactory healthcare interactions, and implications for the future.
BMJ OPEN RESPIRATORY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sofie Bliddal et al.
Summary: Among non-hospitalized PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients, one third were asymptomatic, while one third of symptomatic participants reported persistent symptoms. Risk factors for persistent symptoms included female sex and BMI.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Luigi Vimercati et al.
Summary: This study investigated the characteristics and risk factors for 35-day long COVID, finding that high BMI and previous pulmonary disease could be risk factors for developing 35-LC in exposed healthcare workers. Long COVID poses a challenge for hospital managers as it may reduce the workforce available to combat COVID-19.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Tahmina Nasserie et al.
Summary: COVID-19 infection is associated with persistent symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and insomnia. Current studies on symptom persistence are highly heterogeneous, and future research needs longer follow-up, improved quality, and more standardized designs to accurately quantify risks.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
M. A. de Graaf et al.
Summary: The short-term follow-up of COVID-19 patients reveals pulmonary dysfunction, myocardial damage, and severe psychological distress. Most patients suffer from functional limitations post-hospitalization, with dyspnea on exertion being the most frequently reported symptom possibly related to decreased DLCOc. Long-term follow-up is needed to investigate changes in lung function.
Article
Respiratory System
Swapna Mandal et al.
Summary: Following discharge from hospital, a significant number of COVID-19 patients continue to experience persistent symptoms such as breathlessness, cough, fatigue, and depression. Some patients also show elevated levels of biomarkers indicating ongoing health issues. Chest radiographs reveal abnormalities in a considerable portion of patients, with a small percentage showing deterioration.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Betty Raman et al.
Summary: The study found that COVID-19 patients discharged from the hospital still experience breathlessness, fatigue, cognitive impairment, and mental health issues. MRI revealed abnormalities in multiple organs, which were linked to inflammation and severity of acute illness.
Article
Respiratory System
Rebecca F. D'Cruz et al.
Summary: A standardized approach to assessing COVID-19 survivors has not been established due to limited data on medium- and long-term outcomes. This study found that persistent symptoms, adverse mental health outcomes, and physiological impairment are common 2 months after severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Follow-up chest radiography may not effectively monitor recovery, highlighting the importance of holistic face-to-face assessments for early recognition and management of post-COVID-19 sequelae.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
W. Guan et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2020)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Annemarie B. Docherty et al.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2020)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Angelo Carfi et al.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2020)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aakriti Gupta et al.
Letter
Respiratory System
Alyson W. Wong et al.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2020)
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Eve Garrigues et al.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2020)
