Variable-selection ANOVA Simultaneous Component Analysis (VASCA)

Motivation ANOVA Simultaneous Component Analysis (ASCA) is a popular method for the analysis of multivariate data yielded by designed experiments. Meaningful associations between factors/interactions of the experimental design and measured variables in the dataset are typically identified via significance testing, with permutation tests being the standard go-to choice. However, in settings with large numbers of variables, like omics (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics) experiments, the 'holistic' testing approach of ASCA (all variables considered) often overlooks statistically significant effects encoded by only a few variables (biomarkers).Results We hereby propose Variable-selection ASCA (VASCA), a method that generalizes ASCA through variable selection, augmenting its statistical power without inflating the Type-I error risk. The method is evaluated with simulations and with a real dataset from a multi-omic clinical experiment. We show that VASCA is more powerful than both ASCA and the widely adopted false discovery rate controlling procedure; the latter is used as a benchmark for variable selection based on multiple significance testing. We further illustrate the usefulness of VASCA for exploratory data analysis in comparison to the popular partial least squares discriminant analysis method and its sparse counterpart.Availability and implementation The code for VASCA is available in the MEDA Toolbox at (release v1.3). The simulation results and motivating example can be reproduced and motivating example can be reproduced using therepository athttps://github.com/josecamachop/VASCA/tree/v1.0.0(DOI 10.5281/zenodo.7410623).

Automated summary

This article proposes a method called VASCA, which improves the ASCA method by incorporating variable selection, increasing its statistical power without increasing the risk of Type-I errors. Evaluation with simulations and a real dataset shows that VASCA is more powerful than both ASCA and the commonly used false discovery rate controlling procedure.