A blockchain 3.0 paradigm for digital twins in construction project management

Construction project management (CPM) is inherently complex and distributed, while digital twin and block -chain are recognized as promising solutions for information-reliant CPM. By learning from the lessons of Blockchain 1.0 and 2.0 paradigms in the literature, such as slow synchronization and failed offline functions, this paper proposes ChainPM as a Blockchain 3.0 paradigm. ChainPM extends Blockchain 2.0 with innovative indexing, query, and analysis function sets for key CPM data. Experimental results from a pilot study of a modular construction project showed that the information synchronization latency was reduced by 99.2% to 99.8%, and query and analytical functions worked equally well without network connections. ChainPM con-tributes to a novel trend of Blockchain 3.0 paradigms for CPM digital twins, emphasizing indexing key CPM data, combinatorial query, digital authorship, and fast response without downgrading the 'single source of truth.' For practitioners, ChainPM addresses key barriers of Internet reliance and information delay to CPM digital twins.

Automated summary

Construction project management (CPM) is complex and distributed, and digital twin and blockchain are considered as promising solutions. This paper proposes ChainPM as a Blockchain 3.0 paradigm, extending Blockchain 2.0 with innovative indexing, query, and analysis functions for key CPM data. Experimental results showed significant reduction in information synchronization latency and the functions of ChainPM worked well without network connections. ChainPM contributes to the trend of Blockchain 3.0 paradigms for CPM digital twins, addressing barriers of internet reliance and information delay.