4.7 Review

Summary and derived Risk Assessment of 3D printing emission studies

相关参考文献

注意:仅列出部分参考文献,下载原文获取全部文献信息。
Article Construction & Building Technology

Characteristics of ultrafine particles emitted from 3D-pens and effect of partition on children's exposure during 3D-pen operation

Donghyun Kim et al.

Summary: This study showed that 3D pens with Pi-shaped partitions can emit high levels of ultrafine particles, especially when processing ABS filaments. The use of Pi-shaped partitions can reduce the exposure time and concentration of ultrafine particles.

INDOOR AIR (2022)

Article Construction & Building Technology

Systematic ranking of filaments regarding their particulate emissions during fused filament fabrication 3D printing by means of a proposed standard test method

Chi-Long Tang et al.

Summary: The diversity of FFF filaments is growing rapidly as the popularity of FFF-3D desktop printers increases. However, the lack of standardization in measurements has hindered objective comparisons of research findings. In this study, a standardized printing procedure called the strand printing method (SPM) was developed to quantify particle emissions from individual FFF-3D filaments. The results showed that the total number of emitted particles varied greatly among different filament products, suggesting that the choice of filament product is crucial in determining the exposure to released particles.

INDOOR AIR (2022)

Article Construction & Building Technology

Estimates of particulate matter inhalation doses during three-dimensional printing How many particles can penetrate into our body?

Jihoon Park et al.

Summary: The study found that various harmful emissions are generated during 3D printing, with ultrafine particles having a significant impact on lung health. The size and quantity of particles are influenced by printing conditions, particularly the type of filament and temperature.

INDOOR AIR (2021)

Article Environmental Sciences

Impact of metal additives on particle emission profiles from a fused filament fabrication 3D printer

Erik Alberts et al.

Summary: The study assessed particle emissions from a 3D printer using different materials, finding that feedstocks with metal additives had higher emission rates and different particle diameters compared to neat polymers.

ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (2021)

Article Environmental Sciences

Characterization of Ultrafine Particles and VOCs Emitted from a 3D Printer

Sarka Bernatikova et al.

Summary: Widely available 3D printers emit UFPs and VOCs during printing. PETG and NGEN filaments produced higher particle concentrations, along with detected VOCs such as ethylbenzene, toluene, and xylene. Conducting additional measurements to accurately assess personal exposure to these emissions is crucial, especially for potential long-term health risks.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH (2021)

Article Environmental Sciences

Parameters Influencing the Emission of Ultrafine Particles during 3D Printing

Radomir Chylek et al.

Summary: This study conducted a comprehensive experimental evaluation of fine particle emissions released by an FDM 3D printer using four common printing materials under different printing temperatures and nozzle conditions. By developing a standardized printing method, the research provided insights into the impact of printing conditions on particle emissions and size distributions.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH (2021)

Review Construction & Building Technology

State of the art in additive manufacturing and its possible chemical and particle hazards-review

Elzbieta Dobrzynska et al.

Summary: Additive manufacturing allows for rapid prototyping and on-demand production, but also raises concerns about potential emissions of chemical substances and particles, posing safety risks to users.

INDOOR AIR (2021)

Review Environmental Sciences

Additive Manufacturing for Occupational Hygiene: A Comprehensive Review of Processes, Emissions, & Exposures

A. B. Stefaniak et al.

Summary: This comprehensive review introduces occupational hygienists and toxicologists to the seven basic additive manufacturing (AM) process categories, highlighting the different toxicological risks associated with each process. More research is needed to understand the factors influencing emissions and exposures, and to develop harmonized monitoring and assessment approaches for AM processes.

JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART B-CRITICAL REVIEWS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Evaluating Particle Emissions and Toxicity of 3D Pen Printed Filaments with Metal Nanoparticles As Additives: In Vitro and in Silico Discriminant Function Analysis

Ajay Vikram Singh et al.

Summary: The study examined the safety concerns surrounding low-cost 3D printing, particularly with 3D pens, in home and school environments by analyzing filament washing and particle emission during printing. Results showed that additives in PLA filaments, such as carbon nanotubes and steel, had minimal toxicity effects, except for copper which caused significant cellular stress, death, and metabolic disturbances. Therefore, caution should be exercised when using 3D printing pens with redox active metal additives in a home setting.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2021)

Proceedings Paper Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Review on particle emissions during fused deposition modeling of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and polylactic acid polymers

Manoj Aluri et al.

Summary: With the rapid evolution of 3D printing technology, concern is growing over its impact on human health due to the emission of harmful particles during the heating of thermoplastics used in the process. Factors such as process parameters, materials, and chemical composition influence the concentration and impact of particle emissions, necessitating the search for suitable 3D printing materials and prevention techniques.

MATERIALS TODAY-PROCEEDINGS (2021)

Article Environmental Sciences

3D printer as a potential source of indoor air pollution

S. Wojtyla et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2020)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Chemical and Physical Characterization of 3D Printer Aerosol Emissions with and without a Filter Attachment

Erin F. Katz et al.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2020)

Article Construction & Building Technology

Effect of nozzle temperature on the emission rate of ultrafine particles during 3D printing

Haejoon Jeon et al.

INDOOR AIR (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Reducing ultrafine particulate emission from multiple 3D printers in an office environment using a prototype engineering control

Kevin L. Dunn et al.

JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH (2020)

Article Environmental Sciences

Emissions and health risks from the use of 3D printers in an occupational setting

Felix L. Chan et al.

JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES (2020)

Article Environmental Sciences

Characterization of particle emission from thermoplastic additive manufacturing

S. Sittichompoo et al.

ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (2020)

Article Environmental Sciences

Characterization of particulate and gaseous pollutants emitted during operation of a desktop 3D printer

Jianwei Gu et al.

ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL (2019)

Article Engineering, Environmental

VOC Emissions and Formation Mechanisms from Carbon Nanotube Composites during 3D Printing

Phillip M. Potter et al.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2019)

Article Environmental Sciences

Particle emissions from fused deposition modeling 3D printers: Evaluation and meta-analysis

Peter Byrley et al.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2019)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Modeling Particle Emissions from Three-Dimensional Printing with Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Polymer Filament

Tracy L. Zontek et al.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2019)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Emission Control of Desktop 3D Printing: The Effects of a Filter Cover and an Air Purifier

Jianwei Gu et al.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS (2019)

Article Construction & Building Technology

Characterization of volatile organic compound emissions from consumer level material extrusion 3D printers

Aika Y. Davis et al.

BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT (2019)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Chemical Composition and Toxicity of Particles Emitted from a Consumer-Level 3D Printer Using Various Materials

Qian Zhang et al.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2019)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Nanocluster Aerosol Emissions of a 3D Printer

Mikko Poikkimaki et al.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2019)

Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Fine particle emission during fused deposition modelling and thermogravimetric analysis for various filaments

Radomir Chylek et al.

JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION (2019)

Article Environmental Sciences

The characteristics and formation mechanisms of emissions from thermal decomposition of 3D printer polymer filaments

Shirun Ding et al.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2019)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Health survey of employees regularly using 3D printers

F. L. Chan et al.

OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE-OXFORD (2018)

Review Toxicology

The impact of nanomaterial characteristics on inhalation toxicity

Frank S. Bierkandt et al.

TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH (2018)

Article Construction & Building Technology

Three-dimensional printing with nano-enabled filaments releases polymer particles containing carbon nanotubes into air

Aleksandr B. Stefaniak et al.

INDOOR AIR (2018)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Aerosol Emissions from Fuse-Deposition Modeling 3D Printers in a Chamber and in Real Indoor Environments

Marina E. Vance et al.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2017)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Characterization and Control of Nanoparticle Emission during 3D Printing

Ohhun Kwon et al.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2017)

Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Characterization of Emissions from a Desktop 3D Printer

Luis Mendes et al.

JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY (2017)

Article Environmental Sciences

Is. D printing safe? Analysis of the thermal treatment of thermoplastics: ABS, PLA, PET, and nylon

Szymon Wojtyla et al.

JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE (2017)

Article Environmental Sciences

Characterization of chemical contaminants generated by a desktop fused deposition modeling 3-dimensional Printer

Aleksandr B. Stefaniak et al.

JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE (2017)

Article Environmental Sciences

Fume emissions from a low-cost 3-D printer with various filaments

Evan L. Floyd et al.

JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE (2017)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Case report of asthma associated with 3D printing

R. House et al.

OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE-OXFORD (2017)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Inhalation exposure to three-dimensional printer emissions stimulates acute hypertension and microvascular dysfunction

A. B. Stefaniak et al.

TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY (2017)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Capturing PM2.5 Emissions from 3D Printing via Nanofiber-based Air Filter

Chengchen Rao et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2017)

Article Engineering, Chemical

Characterization of particle emissions from consumer fused deposition modeling 3D printers

Qian Zhang et al.

AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2017)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

An exposure assessment of desktop 3D printing

Tracy L. Zontek et al.

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL HEALTH & SAFETY (2017)

Article Environmental Sciences

Characterization of emissions from a desktop 3D printer and indoor air measurements in office settings

Patrick Steinle

JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE (2016)

Article Environmental Sciences

Emission of particulate matter from a desktop three-dimensional (3D) printer

Jinghai Yi et al.

JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES (2016)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Emissions of Nanoparticles and Gaseous Material from 3D Printer Operation

Yuna Kim et al.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2015)

Article Environmental Sciences

Ultrafine particle emissions from desktop 3D printers

Brent Stephens et al.

ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (2013)

Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Copper oxide nanoparticles are highly toxic:: A comparison between metal oxide nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes

Hanna L. Karlsson et al.

CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY (2008)

Article Pediatrics

Health effects of ambient air pollution in children

Sundeep Salvi

PAEDIATRIC RESPIRATORY REVIEWS (2007)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Particle emission characteristics of office printers

Congrong He et al.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2007)