Inner Habitable Zone Boundary for Eccentric Exoplanets

The climate of a planet can be strongly affected by its eccentricity due to variations in the stellar flux. There are two limits for the dependence of the inner habitable zone boundary (IHZ) on eccentricity: (1) the mean stellar flux approximation (S-IHZ proportional to root 1 -e(2)), in which the temperature is approximately constant throughout the orbit, and (2) the maximum stellar flux approximation (S-IHZ proportional to (1 - e)(2)), in which the temperature adjusts instantaneously to the stellar flux. Which limit is appropriate is determined by the dimensionless parameter Pi = C/BP, where C is the heat capacity of the planet, P is the orbital period, and B = partial derivative Omega/partial derivative T-s, where Omega is the outgoing long-wave radiation and T-s is the surface temperature. We use the Buckingham Pi theorem to derive an analytical function for the IHZ in terms of eccentricity and Pi. We then build a time-dependent energy balance model to resolve the surface temperature evolution and constrain our analytical result. We find that Pi must be greater than about similar to 1 for the mean stellar flux approximation to be nearly exact and less than about similar to 0.01 for the maximum stellar flux approximation to be nearly exact. In addition to assuming a constant heat capacity, we also consider the effective heat capacity including latent heat (evaporation and precipitation). We find that for planets with an Earthlike ocean, the IHZ should follow the mean stellar flux limit for all eccentricities. This work will aid in the prioritization of potentially habitable exoplanets with nonzero eccentricity for follow-up characterization.

Automated summary

The climate of a planet is strongly influenced by its eccentricity, with two limits for the dependence of the inner habitable zone boundary (IHZ) on eccentricity. The appropriate limit is determined by the dimensionless parameter Pi, where Pi is greater than about 1 for the mean stellar flux approximation to be nearly exact and less than about 0.01 for the maximum stellar flux approximation to be nearly exact. By considering the effective heat capacity including latent heat, we find that for planets with an Earthlike ocean, the IHZ should follow the mean stellar flux limit for all eccentricities. This work is important for prioritizing potentially habitable exoplanets with nonzero eccentricity for further study.