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The impacts of sport emissions on climate: Measurement, mitigation, and making a difference

ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (2023)

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Code Red for Elite Sport. A critique of sustainability in elite sport and a tentative reform programme

Hallgeir Gammelsaeter et al.

Summary: This paper critically investigates the compatibility of elite sport with environmental sustainability. The study finds that the extensive engagement of elite sport with governments and commercial agents has led to overheating and runaway processes, posing threats to both sport's internal values and nature itself. Concrete sustainability reforms in equipment and technology, financing, and organizing of competitions can enable elite sport to flourish as a healthier and environmentally friendly activity.

EUROPEAN SPORT MANAGEMENT QUARTERLY (2023)

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Article Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism

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Summary: This paper explores the impact of climate change on major Australian sport stadia and organizational responses. Qualitative case study method was used to collect data through semi-structured interviews with participants representing 12 major sport stadiums in Australia. The analysis identified six climate change issues related to water resources and three water management strategies employed by organizations.

EUROPEAN SPORT MANAGEMENT QUARTERLY (2023)

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Article Development Studies

How FIFA World Cup 2022™ can meet the carbon neutral commitments and the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development?: Reflections from the tree nursery project in Qatar

Ioannis Spanos et al.

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

China’s Winter Olympics are carbon-neutral — how?

Smriti Mallapaty

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Madeleine Orr et al.

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Article Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism

Climate change and the future of the Olympic Winter Games: athlete and coach perspectives

Daniel Scott et al.

Summary: The International Olympic Committee acknowledges the risks of climate change to the Olympics and recognizes its responsibility to take action on climate issues. Elite athletes and coaches from 20 countries were surveyed to define fair and safe conditions for snow sports competitions. The frequency of unfair and unsafe conditions has increased over the past 50 years at the Olympic Winter Games locations, and this trend is projected to continue under all future climate change scenarios. The geographical landscape of the Winter Olympics will drastically change if global emissions remain on their current trajectory, with only one reliable host city by the end of the century. Athletes express concerns about the future of their sport and emphasize the need for the sporting world to inspire and accelerate climate action.

CURRENT ISSUES IN TOURISM (2022)

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Review Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism

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Hari Govind Mishra et al.

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Government environmental control measures on CO2 emission during the 2014 Youth Olympic Games in Nanjing: Perspectives from a top-down approach

Cheng Hu et al.

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Mariam Elnour et al.

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Philipp Miklautsch et al.

Summary: The publication of the IPCC's sixth assessment report confirms that the increase in surface temperature over the past century is indeed man-made, and emphasizes the need for significant changes to meet the goals set in the Paris climate agreement. This study focuses on the industrial and transportation sectors, which are major contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. While the energy-transportation nexus has been extensively studied, there is a lack of systematic research on emission mitigation in the intersection of the industrial and transportation sectors, particularly in the context of manufacturing firms' supply chains. To address this gap, the study conducts a systematic literature review and identifies 215 measures that can be adopted by manufacturing companies or their logistics service providers to decarbonize their transport operations. The findings highlight the importance of aspects such as drivetrain and fuel selection, but also reveal the lack of consensus on the reduction potential of these measures due to various factors. The study also points out the need for further investigation into the role of human factors in decarbonizing the economy.

JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION (2022)

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Carbon emission reduction and the Tokyo 2020 Olympics

Eiji Ito et al.

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Estimation of Above-Ground Carbon-Stocks for Urban Greeneries in Arid Areas: Case Study for Doha and FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022

Salma Habib et al.

Summary: Urban greenery has a positive effect on mitigating air pollution and the impact of CO2 on climate, but quantifying these benefits involves complex calculations and significant resources. Research utilizing satellite remote sensing and field measurements in Doha, Qatar, found correlations between different vegetative spectral indices and above-ground carbon stock, aiding in evaluating CO2 equivalent storage amount and social value.

FRONTIERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism

Willingness to pay for green skiing

Erik Haugom et al.

Summary: Norwegian alpine skiers show substantial interest in season passes that include CO2 compensation, but are not attracted to season passes that require compulsory use of public transportation (ski bus). The optimal prices for the two alternatives are approximately 11.5% higher (CO2 version) and 25% lower (ski bus version) compared to a regular season pass.

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Article Engineering, Electrical & Electronic

Decarbonization of the skiing areas in Salzburg - development of optimization algorithms and energy management systems to increase energy efficiency, minimize emissions and optimize flexibility

Stefanie Kritzer et al.

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Journal of Sport and Tourism (2021)

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COVID-19 Disruption Demonstrates Win-Win Climate Solutions for Major League Sports

Seth Wynes

Summary: Team air travel poses a challenge in reducing carbon emissions, but the pandemic in 2020 had a significant impact on reduction efforts. More efficient scheduling arrangements could potentially lead to a 22% decrease in emissions each year, while utilizing more fuel-efficient aircraft and shortening regular seasons could further contribute to emission reductions.

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Paquito Bernard et al.

Summary: The study reveals a consistent negative impact of air pollution, extreme weather conditions, and natural disasters on levels of physical activity, particularly affecting adults with chronic diseases, higher BMI, and the elderly. Although the sport and physical activity communities play an important mitigating role post-natural disasters, transport related to sports practices also contributes to greenhouse gas emissions.

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Laurent Castaignede et al.

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH (2021)

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Article Sport Sciences

Optimal break structures and cooling strategies to mitigate heat stress during a Rugby League match simulation

Connor Graham et al.

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Article Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism

The potential for voluntary carbon offset programs in the Canadian snow-based outdoor recreation industry

Paul Heintzman

Summary: This paper explores the paradox of snow-based winter activities accelerating climate change while relying on fossil fuels, and suggests increasing voluntary carbon offset (VCO) sales in the outdoor recreation industry. By targeting specific demographic groups, designing VCO programs, and marketing directly to outdoor recreationists, businesses can encourage more individuals to purchase VCOs and offset their carbon footprint.

JOURNAL OF OUTDOOR RECREATION AND TOURISM-RESEARCH PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT (2021)

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Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

An evaluation of the sustainability of the Olympic Games

Martin Muller et al.

Summary: The study found that the overall sustainability of the Olympic Games is moderate and has declined over time. Salt Lake City 2002 was the most sustainable Olympic Games, while Sochi 2014 and Rio de Janeiro 2016 were the least sustainable.

NATURE SUSTAINABILITY (2021)

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Article Physiology

Death Zone Weather Extremes Mountaineers Have Experienced in Successful Ascents

Robert K. Szymczak et al.

Summary: This study analyzed 528 ascents of 8000 m peaks, finding that mountaineers using supplemental oxygen endured more extreme environmental conditions. The most severe weather extremes were experienced during winter and off-season ascents of Everest. Climbing-season weather extremes in the Death Zone were more severe on Everest than on K2.

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Article Environmental Sciences

Soil greenhouse gas emissions from Australian sports fields

David Riches et al.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2020)

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Soil carbon sequestration in bermudagrass golf course fairways in Lubbock, Texas

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SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2011)

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M. D. Bartlett et al.

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URBAN ECOSYSTEMS (2011)

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TOURISM MANAGEMENT (2011)

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2010)

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Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

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Richard Baldwin

LOCAL ENVIRONMENT (2010)

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ENERGY POLICY (2008)

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (2008)

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JOURNAL OF SPORT MANAGEMENT (2007)

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Assessing the environmental consequences of major sporting events: The 2003/04 FA Cup Final

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URBAN STUDIES (2007)

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