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Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Justin C. Bui et al.
Summary: The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2R) driven by renewable electricity offers a promising route for reusing CO2 and producing carbon-containing chemicals and fuels sustainably. Optimizing the catalyst microenvironment and selectivity, as well as controlling the electrolyte and operating conditions, are crucial for achieving economic viability and high product yields.
ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Aoni Xu et al.
Summary: In this paper, the effects of electrolyte on electrochemical CO2 reduction (eCO2R) are reviewed and the influences of cations, anions and pH on the reaction activity are summarized. The electrolyte affects the eCO2R activity by influencing the reaction intermediates, blocking active sites and tuning the local environment. However, the existing models are not able to predict the experimental trends accurately and further research and development are needed.
ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sarah Lamaison et al.
Summary: CO2 emissions can be transformed into high-added-value commodities through CO2 electrocatalysis, with the need for efficient low-cost electrocatalysts. A gas diffusion electrode containing highly dispersed Ag sites in a low-cost Zn matrix was developed, showing unprecedented Ag mass activity for CO production. Further electrolyte engineering demonstrated that halide anions can improve stability and activity of the Zn-Ag catalyst, outperforming pure Ag and Au.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ke Ye et al.
Summary: The local reaction environment, especially the electrode-electrolyte interface near the cathode, plays a crucial role in defining the activity and selectivity of the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction. A differential electrochemical mass spectroscopy approach on the Ag electrode was used to investigate this, leading to insights for optimized CO2-to-CO conversion performance. A multi-physics model with computational fluid dynamics and chemical simulation demonstrated the flow pattern and CO2 distribution, while spectroelectrochemical method investigated promotion effects on Ag catalyzed CO2 reduction.
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wanyu Deng et al.
Summary: By investigating the pH dependency and kinetic isotope effect of CO2 electroreduction, the authors reveal that the rate-limiting step of CO2ER is mainly the adsorption of CO2. This finding is expected to provide guidance for improving CO2ER activity through strategies such as surface modification of catalysts and precise control of pressure and interfacial electric field within reactors.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Sahil Garg et al.
Summary: We have developed a new strategy to improve the reactivity and durability of a membrane electrode assembly (MEA)-type electrolyzer for CO2 electrolysis to CO. By modifying the silver catalyst layer with urea, we have successfully promoted electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2R), relieved limitations of alkali cation transport, and mitigated salt precipitation in the gas diffusion electrode. The urea-modified Ag catalyst exhibited significantly better CO selectivity and energy efficiency than the untreated Ag catalyst, and maintained stable performance over 200 hours. Our work provides an alternative approach to fabricating catalyst interfaces in MEAs, with important implications for CO2 electrolysis and fuel cells.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ke Xie et al.
Summary: In this study, a CO2 electrolyzer using bipolar membrane (BPM) technology is reported, which converts CO2 from (bi)carbonate back to CO2, preventing crossover and surpassing the single-pass utilization limit of previous neutral-media electrolyzers. By employing a stationary unbuffered catholyte layer between BPM and cathode, C2+ product formation is promoted while ensuring the conversion of (bi)carbonate to CO2.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Qiucheng Xu et al.
Summary: This review provides a comprehensive introduction to anion-exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE), including advanced electrode design, lab-scaled testing system establishment, and electrochemical performance evaluation. It summarizes recent progress in developing high activity transition metal-based powder electrocatalysts and self-supporting electrodes for AEMWE, as well as optimizing strategies to improve transfer behaviors inside the gas diffusion electrode (GDE). In addition, it offers a detailed guideline for establishing AEMWE testing system and selecting electrolyzer components, and discusses the impacts of membrane electrode assembly (MEA) technologies and operation conditions on cell performance. Various electrochemical methods for activity and stability evaluation, failure analyses, and in-situ characterizations are also elaborated. Lastly, perspectives on interfacial environment optimization and cost assessments are proposed for the development of advanced and durable AEMWE.
Article
Electrochemistry
Federica Proietto et al.
Summary: The electrochemical reduction of pressurized CO2 is proposed as a method to improve the production efficiency of CO and reduce costs. The study found that under pressure conditions, the current efficiency of CO can be significantly improved, and under certain conditions, using a simple silver cathode can achieve good CO yield and stability.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Richard I. Masel et al.
Summary: This Perspective discusses the key advances in nanocatalysts that have led to significant progress in the electrochemical conversion of CO2 to useful products, providing benchmarks for comparison and highlighting the need for further research.
NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yi Xu et al.
Summary: The study introduces a self-cleaning CO2 reduction strategy to enhance the efficiency of electrochemical conversion of CO2 and prevent carbonate salt formation, demonstrating a significant extension of the cathode's lifespan.
ACS ENERGY LETTERS
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Song Jin et al.
Summary: The electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction is an important pathway for converting renewable electricity into fuels and feedstocks, with the conversion of CO2 into CO being a promising reaction. Advancements in catalyst and electrolyte design, along with understanding the catalytic mechanism, are crucial for promoting the technology towards industrial implementation. However, there are still challenges and future directions for the industrial application of this technology.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hyo Sang Jeon et al.
Summary: This study utilized a pulsed CO2 electroreduction reaction approach to adjust product distribution in a gas-fed flow cell for industrially relevant current densities. By comparing the selectivity of Cu catalysts under potentiostatic and pulsed electrolysis conditions, it was found that the enhanced product selectivity in the latter case can be attributed to structural modifications and local pH effects. The differences in catalyst selectivity were observed to influence the formation of specific products, such as C-2 and CH4, through morphological reconstruction and consumption of OH - species near the catalyst surface.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Magda H. Barecka et al.
Summary: Utilizing CO2 conversion as an add-on to existing manufactures can disrupt the global carbon cycle while minimally perturbing the operation of chemical plants, potentially reducing 4-10 Gt CO2 annually by 2050 and contributing to achieving up to 50% of the industrial carbon neutrality goal.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jianan Erick Huang et al.
Summary: Carbon dioxide electroreduction (CO2R) is being actively studied as a promising route to convert carbon emissions to valuable chemicals and fuels. A study found that concentrating potassium cations in the vicinity of electrochemically active sites accelerates CO2 activation to enable efficient CO2R in acid. The research achieved a high CO2R efficiency on copper at pH <1 with a single-pass CO2 utilization of 77%.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Colin P. O'Brien et al.
Summary: The CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) provides an opportunity to consume CO2 and produce desirable products, but the alkaline conditions required often lead to loss of input CO2 to bicarbonate and carbonate, limiting the conversion of CO2 to multicarbon products. This study found that cation exchange membranes (CEMs) and bipolar membranes (BPMs) were not ideal for providing locally alkaline conditions, but the development of a permeable CO2 regeneration layer (PCRL) allowed for a more efficient CO2 conversion process with limited CO2 crossover.
ACS ENERGY LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Thomas Moore et al.
Summary: This study developed a resolved, pore-scale model for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 within a liquid-filled catalyst layer, identifying three CO2 mass transport regimes and validating the assumption of pore-scale uniformity implicit in popular, volume-averaged GDE models. The CO2 conversion efficiency strongly depends on the governing mass transport regime, with operational-phase diagrams constructed to guide catalyst layer design.
ACS ENERGY LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Dongjin Kim et al.
Summary: The study investigated the reduction of low concentrations of CO2 in a zero-gap MEA electrolyzer, highlighting the importance of suppressing the hydrogen evolution reaction at low CO2 concentrations. The Ni single-atom catalyst showed high tolerance toward low CO2 partial pressure and maintained high CO Faradaic efficiency, outperforming Ag nanoparticles in terms of CO productivity. Additionally, extrinsic operating conditions controlling water transfer and enhancing CO selectivity were developed based on computational fluid dynamics simulations.
ACS ENERGY LETTERS
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Rileigh Casebolt et al.
Summary: Research has shown that pulsed potential electrochemical CO2 reduction is crucial in increasing electrolyzer durability and product selectivity, providing scientific and technological opportunities for electrochemical technologies beyond CO2 reduction.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mariana C. O. Monteiro et al.
Summary: The study highlights the importance of electrolyte's pH and composition on the activity and selectivity of CO2 reduction reaction, while indicating that local pH measurements can provide better insight into the reaction process. By using a newly developed voltammetric pH sensor, researchers were able to monitor the pH development during CO2 reduction with high time resolution, offering valuable data for understanding the reaction dynamics and species concentration changes.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Gaston O. Larrazabal et al.
Summary: As electrochemical CO2 reduction studies progress towards higher current densities, the system becomes more complex, requiring rigorous scientific analysis, mass transfer optimizations, and comprehensive parameter monitoring to accurately assess performance.
ACCOUNTS OF MATERIALS RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jaeseo Lee et al.
Summary: The study focuses on examining CO production performance using CF-ECO2R, which shows higher energy conversion efficiency and lower cell voltage compared to traditional methods. The developed mathematical model and techno-economic analyses suggest that the technology is feasible, economically competitive, and has the potential to reduce CO2 emissions significantly. Operating voltage of CF-ECO2R and regional factors strongly impact the cost and CO2 emissions of the system.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Rosa M. Aran-Ais et al.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ying Chuan Tan et al.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xu Lu et al.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2020)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Joshua A. Rabinowitz et al.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chanyeon Kim et al.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Andreas Wagner et al.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Nathan T. Nesbitt et al.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tu N. Nguyen et al.
CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS
(2020)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Stephanie Nitopi et al.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
B. Endrodi et al.
ACS ENERGY LETTERS
(2019)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Gaston O. Larrazabal et al.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2019)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Drew Higgins et al.
ACS ENERGY LETTERS
(2019)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lien-Chun Weng et al.
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2019)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Thomas Burdyny et al.
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2019)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhenglei Yin et al.
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2019)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Lien-Chun Weng et al.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2018)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Albertus D. Handoko et al.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jeffrey M. Buth
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION
(2016)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Baerbel Hoenisch et al.
