Nanozyme's catalytic activity at neutral pH: reaction substrates and application in sensing

Nanozymes exhibit their great potential as alternatives to natural enzymes. In addition to catalytic activity, nanozymes also need to have biologically relevant catalytic reactions at physiological pH to fit in the definition of an enzyme and to achieve efficient analytical applications. Previous reviews in the nanozyme field mainly focused on the catalytic mechanisms, activity regulation, and types of catalytic reactions. In this paper, we discuss efforts made on the substrate-dependent catalytic activity of nanozymes at neutral pH. First, the discrepant catalytic activities for different substrates are compared, where the key differences are the characteristics of substrates and the adsorption of substrates by nanozymes at different pH. We then reviewed efforts to enhance reaction activity for model chromogenic substrates and strategies to engineer nanomaterials to accelerate reaction rates for other substrates at physiological pH. Finally, we also discussed methods to achieve efficient sensing applications at neutral pH using nanozymes. We believe that the nanozyme is catching up with enzymes rapidly in terms of reaction rates and reaction conditions. Designing nanozymes with specific catalysis for efficient sensing remains a challenge.

Automated summary

Nanozymes have the potential to be used as alternatives to natural enzymes and have biologically relevant catalytic reactions at physiological pH. This review focuses on substrate-dependent catalytic activity of nanozymes at neutral pH, comparing their catalytic activities for different substrates and discussing efforts to enhance reaction activity and engineer nanomaterials for efficient sensing applications. The study acknowledges that nanozymes are catching up with enzymes in terms of reaction rates and conditions, but highlights the challenge of designing nanozymes with specific catalysis for efficient sensing.