Towards a pattern language for complex-mode mission concept generation

New space mission profiles arise from the convergence of reduced launch prices, miniaturization of electronics and the maturation of on-orbit servicing technologies. Additionally, a shift towards challenging Lunar objectives pushes for interconnected and complex-mode missions, and trends towards low-cost, sustainability and autonomy also encourage complex modes. The field of space logistics aims to develop conceptual and computational tools to optimize multi-node material-flow networks. However, existing tools insufficiently address the challenge of generating and comparing mission concepts methodically. Through a comprehensive literature review and a case study, we: (1) establish a need for a design support tool for early-phase complex space mission concept generation; (2) establish the potential of a novel approach using pattern languages; (3) propose and describe a concept for an innovative interdisciplinary tool using the identified methods; (4) verify the proposed support tool concept by replicating the Apollo study results as a proof of concept. We created a pattern language in which words are mission concept of operations elements, the grammar is an assembly algorithm allowing to generate options automatically, and the writing system is intuitively readable diagrams illustrating candidate mission modes. Key figures of merit are also automatically compiled. Among the concepts we generated for the Apollo proof of concept study, the four principal candidates considered in 1962 were captured and ranked in the same order as historically and in recent literature. Findings are consistent with Apollo's choice of designing two modules to be separated in Lunar orbit, thus confirming the proposed tool's potential. Decision-makers could be supported in the early stages of the mission design process, where most of the value is locked in, by complementing existing methods such as concurrent engineering. Efficiently designing complex-mode missions is key to enabling cost-effective and highly ambitious missions, therefore supporting cislunar economy development.

Automated summary

New space mission profiles are driven by reduced launch prices, miniaturization of electronics and the maturation of on-orbit servicing technologies. The field of space logistics aims to optimize multi-node material-flow networks, but existing tools do not address the challenge of generating and comparing mission concepts systematically. A novel approach using pattern languages shows potential in supporting complex space mission concept generation.