Exceptionally Lethal: American Police Killings in a Comparative Perspective

Police in the United States stand out in the developed world for their reliance on deadly force. Other nations in the Americas, however, feature higher or similar levels of fatal police violence (FPV). Cross-national comparative analyses can help identify stable and malleable factors that distinguish high-FPV from low-FPV countries. Two factors that clearly stand out among high-FPV nations are elevated rates of gun violence-which fosters a preoccupation with danger and wide latitude to use preemptive force-and ethnoracial inequality and discord. The latter seems to be tied to another fundamental difference between the United States and most other developed nations-the radically decentralized structure of U.S. policing (Bayley & Stenning 2016). Hyperlocalism limits the influence of external oversight, along with expertise and resources for effective training, policy implementation, and accountability. However, elevated rates of FPV among some Latin American countries with relatively centralized policing demonstrate that decentralization is not a necessary condition for high FPV. Likewise, relatively low FPV in Spain and Chile suggests that achieving low FPV is also possible without the extensive resources and training that appear to suppress FPV in wealthy Northern European nations.

Automated summary

Police in the United States have a high reliance on deadly force compared to other developed nations. However, other countries in the Americas also have high or similar levels of fatal police violence (FPV). Cross-national comparative analyses have found that elevated rates of gun violence and ethnoracial inequality are two key factors that contribute to high-FPV. The decentralized structure of policing in the United States limits external oversight, expertise, and resources for effective training and accountability, which further exacerbates FPV. However, some Latin American countries with centralized policing also exhibit high FPV, while low FPV in Spain and Chile suggest that it is possible to achieve low FPV without extensive resources and training.