Brazilian Berry Extract Differentially Induces Inflammatory and Immune Responses in Androgen Dependent and Independent Prostate Cancer Cells

Jaboticaba is a Brazilian berry, which is rich in fibers and bioactive compounds and shows high antioxidant and antiproliferative ac-tivities. Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common type of cancer among men and its progression is influenced by andro-gens and inflammation. Previous studies reported the ability of the jaboticaba to modulate pathways involved in prostate diseases. The main objective of this study was to provide significant data about molecular targets of the jaboticaba peel extract (JPE) and its mechanisms of action in PCa cell lines with different androgenic status (LNCaP and PC-3). The results showed that JPE was able to decrease cell viability in both cell lines. LNCaP showed more sensitivity to JPE exposure, indicating the efficacy of the JPE treat-ment in terms of androgen responsiveness. JPE showed a distinct hormone dependent effect on the NF -KB signaling, with reduced NF -KB levels for LNCaP and increased NF -KB levels in PC-3 cells. Mechanisms related to cell death by apoptosis were stimulated after the JPE treatment, modulating B-cell lymphoma 2 and BAX for LNCaP and PC-3. Particularly for PC-3, the JPE treatment re-sulted in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction activation mostly by up regulating pro-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic, immunostimu-latory and immunosuppressive genes. Also, a set of genes related to angiogenesis and metastasis were down-regulated by JPE. In conclusion, JPE exerted an antitumor effect on PCa for both cell lines which can be enhanced if androgenic reliance is considered.

Automated summary

Jaboticaba is a Brazilian berry rich in fibers and bioactive compounds, which exhibits high antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. This study aimed to investigate the molecular targets and mechanisms of action of Jaboticaba peel extract (JPE) in prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines with different androgenic status. The results showed that JPE reduced cell viability in both LNCaP and PC-3 cell lines, with LNCaP showing greater sensitivity. JPE also modulated gene expression related to apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis, and metastasis, suggesting its potential as an antitumor agent for PCa.