4.2 Article

Exploring the development of attentional set shifting in young children with a novel Intradimensional/Extradimensional shift task

期刊

出版社

ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105428

关键词

Cognitive flexibility; Attentional set shifting; Attention shifting; Executive functions; Intradimensional; Extradimensional shift; Cognitive development

资金

  1. INQMINDS European Research Council (ERC) [SEP-210159400]

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Attentional set shifting is crucial in cognitive development, but studying it in early childhood has been limited by the lack of nonverbal measures. This article introduces a new nonverbal version of the Intradimensional/Extradimensional (ID/ED) shift task to investigate attentional set shifting and its impact on children's cognitive development.
Attentional set shifting is a core part of cognition, allowing quick and flexible adaption to new demands. The study of its develop-ment during early childhood has been hampered by a shortage of measures not requiring language. This article argues for a revival of the Intradimensional/Extradimensional (ID/ED) shift task by presenting a new nonverbal version of the task (Shifting Tray task). Children (N = 95 3-to 5-year-olds; 49 girls; predominantly European White) were presented with pairs of trays, each filled with a substrate and an upside-down cup on top, and were asked to find stickers. In the pre-switch phase, children learned (through trial and error) which dimension (substrate or cup) was predictive of the rewards. In the post-switch phase, all stimuli were exchanged. For children in the intradimensional shift condition, the dimension predictive of the sticker was the same as the one predictive in the pre-switch phase. For children in the extradimen-sional shift condition, the previously irrelevant dimension was now relevant. Results showed that most 3-year-olds were able to switch, and older children did not outperform younger children. The easy and flexible nature of the task allows researchers to inves-tigate the impact of labels and instructions and to use it in cross -cultural and comparative research. (c) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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