4.2 Article

Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People, Version 8

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Kit M. Quain et al.

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Jonathan L. Poquiz et al.

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Paul J. Connelly et al.

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Jonas A. Hamm et al.

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PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY (2021)

Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

A systematic review and meta-analysis of victimisation and mental health prevalence among LGBTQ plus young people with experiences of self-harm and suicide

A. Jess Williams et al.

Summary: LGBTQ+ youth generally experience higher levels of victimization and mental health difficulties when facing self-harm and suicide, compared to their cisgender, heterosexual peers. This study highlights the importance of addressing these risk factors for LGBTQ+ youth and the need for further research and suicide prevention efforts in this population.

PLOS ONE (2021)

Review Psychology, Clinical

Review: Puberty blockers for transgender and gender diverse youth-a critical review of the literature

Lynn Rew et al.

Summary: Research has shown that the use of puberty-blocking medications has positive effects on decreasing suicidality, improving emotional and social well-being of transgender and gender diverse adolescents. However, there are also adverse effects, such as changes in body composition, slow growth, and high costs. Future rigorous studies are needed to thoroughly evaluate the impact of these medications.

CHILD AND ADOLESCENT MENTAL HEALTH (2021)

Article Pediatrics

Self- and proxy-reported outcomes after surgery in people with disorders/differences of sex development (DSD) in Europe (dsd-LIFE)

Marion Rapp et al.

Summary: Surgery is commonly performed in individuals with disorders/differences of sex development, but both surgeons and patients lack knowledge about the procedures and their outcomes. A cross-sectional clinical study in six European countries in 2014/15 involving 500 participants who had undergone surgery showed that most were satisfied with the appearance and function outcomes, but nearly a third experienced negative effects of gonadectomy on their lives. Self-reported satisfaction tends to be lower than observer evaluations.

JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC UROLOGY (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Proportion of people identified as transgender and non-binary gender in Brazil

Giancarlo Spizzirri et al.

Summary: Studies in Latin America have not assessed the proportion of gender-diverse individuals in the population. A study in Brazil found that transgender individuals make up 0.69% and non-binary individuals make up 1.19% of the adult population. Transgender individuals were younger on average, while non-binary individuals were less likely to be in a relationship compared to cisgender individuals.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

Article Nursing

Trans-affirming care: An integrative review and concept analysis

Sophie Lightfoot et al.

Summary: This study explores the conceptual understanding of trans-affirming care in nursing and provides recommendations for its implementation at systemic, organizational, and individual levels. Results show that successfully implementing trans-affirming care can improve patients' psychological and physical health outcomes.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING STUDIES (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

The developmental trajectories of executive function from adolescence to old age

Heather J. Ferguson et al.

Summary: The study found that working memory capacity continued to improve from adolescence through young adulthood, but working memory and inhibitory control started to decline from as early as 30-40 years old. Planning abilities showed improvement across adolescence and young adulthood, then declined across adulthood with a small positive change in older age. Cognitive flexibility displayed a dissociation with switch costs decreasing and mixing costs increasing across the lifespan.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

Article Immunology

Expanding the Pie-Differentiated PrEP Delivery Models to Improve PrEP Uptake in the San Francisco Bay Area

Erin C. Wilson et al.

Summary: The study found that implementing a PrEP-only clinic delivery model in San Francisco could better serve trans individuals at high risk of HIV, especially those with more sexual partners, higher perceived HIV risk, or engaged in sex work. Although participants in the PrEP-only clinic reported higher medical mistrust, PrEP adherence did not significantly differ compared to participants in primary care clinics.

JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES (2021)

Letter Dermatology

Moderate-to-Severe Acne and Mental Health Symptoms in Transmasculine Persons Who Have Received Testosterone

Hayley Braun et al.

Summary: This survey study explores the relationship between acne and mental health outcomes for transmasculine individuals who have undergone testosterone treatment.

JAMA DERMATOLOGY (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Perceptions and Motivations for Uterus Transplant in Transgender Women

Benjamin P. Jones et al.

Summary: This survey study of 182 transgender women found that the majority believe uterus transplant can improve quality of life, alleviate dysphoric symptoms, and enhance femininity. The results indicate a strong desire among transgender women for experiences like menstruation, gestation, and having a physiologically functioning vagina.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2021)

Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Research gaps in medical treatment of transgender/nonbinary people

Joshua D. Safer

Summary: Transgender health research is often limited and subsumed in larger LGBTQ studies. The medical approach to transgender health is changing, but the number of knowledgeable healthcare providers remains modest. More research and dedicated funding are needed to address the knowledge gap in the field.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2021)

Review Health Care Sciences & Services

Routine Screening for Transgender and Gender Diverse Adults Taking Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy: a Narrative Review

Sean J. Iwamoto et al.

Summary: This study discusses the potential impact of hormone therapy on various diseases in transgender and gender diverse patients, highlighting the need for more evidence-based screening recommendations. As expert opinion plays a significant role in guiding TGD-specific screening recommendations, further research is necessary to provide a more comprehensive understanding of healthcare for TGD individuals.

JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE (2021)

Article Pediatrics

Assessing Medical Decision-Making Competence in Transgender Youth

Lieke J. J. J. Vrouenraets et al.

Summary: By using the MacCAT-T tool and clinical assessment, approximately 93.2% and 89.2% of transgender adolescents in this study were assessed as competent to consent for starting puberty suppression, with IQ and sex showing significant correlations with medical decision-making competence in transgender adolescents.

PEDIATRICS (2021)

Article Pediatrics

Transgender Youth Referred to Clinics for Gender-Affirming Medical Care in Canada

Greta R. Bauer et al.

Summary: Trans youth in Canada attending clinics for hormonal suppression or gender-affirming hormones were generally healthy but with depression, anxiety, and support needs.

PEDIATRICS (2021)

Article Urology & Nephrology

Individual Treatment Progress Predicts Satisfaction With Transition-Related Care for Youth With Gender Dysphoria: A Prospective Clinical Cohort Study

T. O. Nieder et al.

Summary: The study investigated satisfaction with transition-related care (TRC) in adolescents with gender dysphoria (GD) at the Hamburg Gender Identity Service, finding that higher individual treatment progress scores (ITPS) were associated with greater satisfaction with TRC. Participants generally showed high satisfaction with TRC received at the clinic. No adolescents regretted treatment at follow-up and were mainly satisfied with the physical results of transition-related medical interventions (TRMIs).

JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE (2021)

Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

The worldwide burden of HIV in transgender individuals: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Sarah E. Stutterheim et al.

Summary: Transgender individuals, especially trans feminine individuals, have a disproportionately high burden of HIV infection compared to the general population. The prevalence of HIV varies by geographic region and sampling methods. It is important to address the unique prevention and care needs of transgender individuals, and more research is needed to understand the impact of sampling methods on HIV prevalence and the potential effects of pre-exposure prophylaxis.

PLOS ONE (2021)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Testosterone treatment, internalizing symptoms, and body image dissatisfaction in transgender boys

Connor Grannis et al.

Summary: This study found that gender affirming treatment with testosterone (T) is associated with lower levels of internalizing symptoms, greater body satisfaction, and stronger connectivity in neural circuit related to anxiety and depression among transgender adolescent boys. Satisfaction with body image was also found to play a role in the relationship between testosterone and depression/suicidality, while amygdala-prefrontal co-activation moderated the effect of testosterone on anxiety symptoms.

PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY (2021)

Article Pediatrics

Experience of Chest Dysphoria and Masculinizing Chest Surgery in Transmasculine Youth

Jamie E. Mehringer et al.

Summary: This study found that chest dysphoria is a major source of distress and functional impairment for transmasculine youth. Performing MCS during adolescence, including before age 18, can effectively alleviate suffering and improve functioning. Further research is needed to develop patient-reported outcome measures to assess the impact of chest dysphoria and MCS.

PEDIATRICS (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Short-term outcomes of pubertal suppression in a selected cohort of 12 to 15 year old young people with persistent gender dysphoria in the UK

Polly Carmichael et al.

Summary: An observational study was conducted on 44 adolescents with severe and persistent GD who were treated with GnRHa as monotherapy. The study found no changes in spine bone mineral content at 12 months, but saw increases in lumbar spine bone mineral content and density at 24 months. Most participants reported positive or mixed positive and negative life changes on GnRHa treatment.

PLOS ONE (2021)

Article Psychiatry

Country-level structural stigma, identity concealment, and day-to-day discrimination as determinants of transgender people's life satisfaction

Richard Branstrom et al.

Summary: Discriminatory laws, policies, and population attitudes towards transgender individuals vary greatly across countries, influencing their life satisfaction. Higher structural stigma in a country is associated with lower life satisfaction, mainly due to increased identity concealment. However, identity concealment also leads to lower day-to-day discrimination, thereby protecting against even lower life satisfaction.

SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGY (2021)

Article Infectious Diseases

Southern African HIV Clinicians Society gender-affirming healthcare guideline for South Africa

Anastacia Tomson et al.

Summary: This text discusses the challenges and needs of transgender individuals in the medical field, emphasizing the importance of primary care providers in providing comprehensive care that addresses issues such as violence, mental health, substance use, fertility and contraception, cancer, sexual health, etc.

SOUTHERN AFRICAN JOURNAL OF HIV MEDICINE (2021)

Article Education & Educational Research

Que(e) rying undergraduate medical curricula: a cross-sectional online survey of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer content inclusion in UK undergraduate medical education

Nicholas Tollemache et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates significant variations in the quantity and breadth of LGBT teaching content within the undergraduate curricula of UK medical schools, with almost all respondents considering implementing new LGBT teaching in the next three academic years. Current barriers to implementation include a lack of space within the curriculum.

BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION (2021)

Review Pediatrics

Gender identity disorder (GID) in adolescents and adults with differences of sex development (DSD): A systematic review and meta-analysis

Ramesh Babu et al.

Summary: Gender assignment in infants with DSD is a challenging decision, as some may develop gender identity disorder (GID) later in life. This review analyzed GID prevalence in adolescents and adults with DSD to assist in appropriate sex assignment to prevent GID development. GID varied among different DSD conditions, with lower rates in females with CAH, CAIS, and CGD, and higher rates in females with 5ARD and 17HSD. Recommendations for sex assignment were unclear in PAIS or MGD cases.

JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC UROLOGY (2021)

Review Pediatrics

Individualized care for patients with intersex (differences of sex development): part 4/5.Considering the Ifs, Whens, and Whats regarding sexual-reproductive system surgery

Kanthi Bangalore Krishna et al.

Summary: This article discusses issues and concerns related to surgery of sexual reproductive anatomy in infants and young children, using four actual examples. It emphasizes the importance of balancing the child's rights to bodily autonomy with parental decision-making authority, while encouraging patient-family centered care for individualized treatment.

JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC UROLOGY (2021)

Review Urology & Nephrology

Sexual Dysfunction in Transgender People A Systematic Review

Natnita Mattawanon et al.

UROLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Use of high dose cyproterone acetate and risk of intracranial meningioma in women: cohort study

Alain Weill et al.

Summary: An observational cohort study conducted in France involving 253777 girls and women aged 7-70 found a strong dose-effect relationship between the use of high dose cyproterone acetate and the risk of intracranial meningiomas. The risk significantly reduced after treatment discontinuation. Specifically, meningiomas located in the anterior skull base and middle skull base, particularly involving the spheno-orbital region, appeared to be specific to cyproterone acetate.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2021)

Article Andrology

Sperm quality in transgender women before or after gender affirming hormone therapy-A prospective cohort study

Kenny A. Rodriguez-Wallberg et al.

Summary: Access to fertility preservation for transgender individuals has opened up in several countries due to changes in the legal framework. However, a high occurrence of sperm abnormalities was found in transgender women, especially among those who had previously received gender affirming hormone therapy. It is important to discuss parenthood options and fertility preservation with patients early on and refer them for semen banking before starting hormone therapy.

ANDROLOGY (2021)

Article Immunology

You are not a man: a multi-method study of trans stigma and risk of HIV and sexually transmitted infections among trans men in Uganda

Andrew Mujugira et al.

Summary: Transgender men in Uganda face stigma at multiple levels, emphasizing the need for gender-sensitive healthcare delivery. Interventions to reduce stigma, such as provider training, non-discrimination policies, support groups, and stigma counseling, could improve uptake and utilization of prevention services by this marginalized population.

JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY (2021)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Preventing transition regret: An institutional ethnography of gender-affirming medical care assessment practices in Canada

K. R. MacKinnon et al.

Summary: This study examined the pervasive regret prevention techniques in gender affirming care practices in Canada, including extensive psychosocial evaluations for trans patients. While regret and detransitioning are unpredictable and unavoidable clinical phenomena, critical research into detransition experiences is necessary to improve comprehensive gender affirming care.

SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk in Transaender Patients Presenting for Gender-Affirming Care

Kara J. Denby et al.

Summary: Research indicates that the transgender population has higher rates of mental health disorders, substance use, and untreated comorbidities, leading to an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Use of cardiovascular risk assessment tools indicates a higher-than-expected cardiovascular risk in the transgender population, despite the younger age of the patients.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Article Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Transgender Breast Cancer Screening

Ann Brown et al.

Summary: Breast cancer screening recommendations for transgender and gender nonconforming individuals are based on sex assigned at birth, risk factors, and use of exogenous hormones, but there is currently insufficient evidence to evaluate the efficacy of screening for this population.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF RADIOLOGY (2021)

Article Pediatrics

An appraisal of current service delivery and future models of care for young people with gender dysphoria

Stephanie McCallion et al.

Summary: The study found that the clinical needs of young people with gender dysphoria have exceeded the capacity of health services to provide appropriate care, with an increasing number of patients attending Pediatric Endocrinology. Most patients were assigned female at birth and had comorbidities such as mental health disorders and autistic spectrum disorder. The majority required fertility preservation and gender-affirming treatment, highlighting the need for individualized care and close collaboration between endocrinology and mental health professionals.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS (2021)

Article Urology & Nephrology

Sexual habits among Italian transgender adolescents: a cross-sectional study

Jiska Ristori et al.

Summary: Recent studies have shown that transgender adolescents have a higher risk of negative sexual outcomes compared to their peers. This study aimed to explore the psychopathological and sociodemographic correlates of sexual-related experiences in transgender adolescents, finding that a higher percentage of transboys reported having had romantic relationships and being sexually active, with the latter being associated with worse psychological functioning and risk-taking behaviors.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPOTENCE RESEARCH (2021)

Article Urology & Nephrology

Trans and gender diverse people's experiences and evaluations with general and trans-specific healthcare services: a cross-sectional survey

Aisa Burgwal et al.

Summary: Research shows differences in access to healthcare services among gender-diverse and trans individuals. Over half of respondents delayed general healthcare services due to their gender identity, and almost a quarter felt discriminated against within the past year. Gender-diverse individuals had fewer experiences seeking trans-specific healthcare.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPOTENCE RESEARCH (2021)

Article Urology & Nephrology

Psychosocial care and support in the field of intersex/diverse sex development (dsd): counselling experiences, localisation and needed improvements

Ute Lampalzer et al.

Summary: The study investigated counseling experiences and improvement suggestions for diverse sex development (dsd) care, revealing a gap in psychosocial care for adults with lived experiences and emphasizing the importance of support and individual development in parental experiences. Most participants advocated for accessible counseling services in addition to multidisciplinary competence centers for better everyday life support.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPOTENCE RESEARCH (2021)

Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

Young Voices: Sexual Health and Transition Care Needs in Adolescents with Intersex/Differences of Sex Development-A Pilot Study

Nina Callens et al.

Summary: The study identified key issues in the sexual health and well-being needs of adolescents with intersex/DSD, including the need for health care providers to have an open-minded perception, continued support and information, as well as communication obstacles with multidisciplinary teams and parents. Adolescents expressed a desire to be more involved in their sexual health care and emphasized the importance of learning how to care for, respect, and enjoy their bodies.

JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC AND ADOLESCENT GYNECOLOGY (2021)

Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

Participant- and Clinician-Reported Long-Term Outcomes After Surgery in Individuals with Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome

Lise Duranteau et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the outcomes of genital surgery in individuals with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome, finding that while genital appearance was generally satisfactory, functional problems were commonly reported. Vaginal satisfaction was strongly associated with overall sexual satisfaction, but not with vaginal interventions or the number of surgeries. Many participants reported a negative impact on their life due to gonadectomy.

JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC AND ADOLESCENT GYNECOLOGY (2021)

Article Pediatrics

Prevalence of Gender-Diverse Youth in an Urban School District

Kacie M. Kidd et al.

PEDIATRICS (2021)

Article Pediatrics

Thrombosis Risk in Transgender Adolescents Receiving Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy

Eric S. Mullins et al.

Summary: In this study, the thrombosis and thrombosis risk factors associated with GAHT were examined in an exclusively adolescent and young adult transgender population using retrospective chart review. The findings suggest that GAHT in this population, titrated within physiologic range, does not pose a significant risk of thrombosis in the short-term, even in the presence of preexisting thrombosis risk factors.

PEDIATRICS (2021)

Article Surgery

Neourethra Creation in Gender Phalloplasty: Differences in Techniques and Staging

Jens U. Berli et al.

Summary: Creating a sensate, aesthetic, and functional phallus for transmasculine individuals is challenging, especially in terms of neourethra reconstruction. There are various techniques and staging options available for surgeons to choose from based on individual cases. This expert opinion article focuses on discussing the three most common strategies for phalloplasty.

PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY (2021)

Article Surgery

Perioperative Transgender Hormone Management: Avoiding Venous Thromboembolism and Other Complications

Rayisa Hontscharuk et al.

Summary: This review discusses the current evidence on perioperative hormone therapy for transgender individuals, focusing on reducing the risk of venous thromboembolism. While historically estrogen therapy was discontinued perioperatively to reduce this risk, abrupt cessation may have negative effects. Data on the relationship between feminizing hormones and venous thromboembolism are based on outdated regimens, and future studies are needed for more accurate risk assessment.

PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY (2021)

Article Psychology, Clinical

Sexual Function After Voluntary Castration

Erik Wibowo et al.

Summary: The study found that castrated individuals with androgen supplementation have better sexual function compared to those without supplementation, and individuals with anxiety symptoms have better sexual parameters. Control variables and sexual guilt also play a role in sexual outcomes, while sexual trauma may additionally increase the reported sex drive intensity.

ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR (2021)

Article Psychology, Clinical

Negotiating Gender in Everyday Life: Toward a Conceptual Model of Gender Dysphoria in Adolescents

Reidar Schei Jessen et al.

Summary: Adolescents seeking medical care for gender dysphoria (GD) experience bodily sensations, emotional memories, coming out process, relationships with others, and negotiation in everyday life, suggesting a more nuanced conceptualization of GD.

ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR (2021)

Article Psychology, Clinical

Individuals Treated for Gender Dysphoria with Medical and/or Surgical Transition Who Subsequently Detransitioned: A Survey of 100 Detransitioners

Lisa Littman

Summary: The study aimed to describe a population of individuals who experienced gender dysphoria, underwent medical and/or surgical transition, and then detransitioned by various means. A diverse range of reasons for detransition were identified, including comfort with their natal sex, concerns about medical complications, and specific causes for gender dysphoria. The research highlights a lack of comprehensive evaluation by healthcare professionals prior to transition, with only a minority of detransitioned individuals informing their clinicians. More research is needed to understand this population, determine detransition prevalence, address medical and psychological needs, and improve the evaluation and counseling processes prior to transition.

ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR (2021)

Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

Reproductive functions and fertility preservation in transgender women: a French case series

Nathalie Sermondade et al.

Summary: Research shows that sperm cryopreservation is an effective method for fertility preservation in transgender women. Those who have not started treatment benefit from this method, while fewer have done so among those who have received treatment.

REPRODUCTIVE BIOMEDICINE ONLINE (2021)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

International clinical practice guidelines for gender minority/trans people: systematic review and quality assessment

Sara Dahlen et al.

Summary: The study aimed to identify and critically appraise published clinical practice guidelines regarding healthcare of gender minority/trans people. The results showed a lack of high-quality guidelines for gender minority/trans people, with limited focus on HIV and transition, and a need for improvement in future CPG quality through methods such as reference to AGREE II and stakeholder participation.

BMJ OPEN (2021)

Review Andrology

Reproductive health risks and clinician practices with gender diverse adolescents and young adults

Gwendolyn P. Quinn et al.

Summary: This narrative review examines reproductive health considerations for transgender and gender diverse adolescents and young adults (TGD AYAs) and identifies barriers and facilitators to providing culturally sensitive care. It highlights the need for enhanced communication training for medical/mental health clinicians to better support the reproductive health needs of TGD AYAs and calls for dedicated training for providers and increased access to improve care.

ANDROLOGY (2021)

Review Andrology

Penile inversion vaginoplasty outcomes: Complications and satisfaction

Rayisa Hontscharuk et al.

Summary: Penile inversion vaginoplasty is effective in alleviating gender dysphoria and improving quality of life for many transgender individuals, with high post-operative satisfaction levels even in the presence of complications. Adverse events associated with vaginoplasty are comparable to other genitourinary reconstructive procedures for different diagnoses, and there are challenges in defining and managing these complications. Outcome measures for assessing patient satisfaction following vaginoplasty will also be reviewed.

ANDROLOGY (2021)

Article Andrology

Requirement of mental health referral letters for staged and revision genital gender-affirming surgeries: An unsanctioned barrier to care

Nance Yuan et al.

Summary: This study investigated insurance requirements for referral letters and their negative impact on care. Nearly all reviewed U.S. health insurance plans required annually updated referral letters for each gGAS procedure, which delayed care. Some plans even required letters for initial surgical consultations, a practice not supported by WPATH. The authors advocate that referral letters should not be required for consultations or staged surgeries after a patient has already had first-stage primary gGAS.

ANDROLOGY (2021)

Review Andrology

Sexual health after vaginoplasty: A systematic review

Carmen Kloer et al.

Summary: This study investigated the sexual health outcomes of vaginoplasty for transgender and gender diverse patients. It found that the majority of patients were able to achieve orgasm postoperatively and reported high levels of general sexual satisfaction. The study highlights the importance of standardized metrics for reporting sexual health outcomes and suggests the need for future studies to improve measurement methods.

ANDROLOGY (2021)

Article Surgery

Association Between Gender-Affirming Surgeries and Mental Health Outcomes

Anthony N. Almazan et al.

Summary: This study analyzed data from the 2015 US Transgender Survey and found that gender-affirming surgeries were associated with improved mental health outcomes among TGD individuals, including reductions in psychological distress, smoking rates, and suicidal ideation.

JAMA SURGERY (2021)

Article Psychology, Clinical

In Pursuit of Pleasure: A Biopsychosocial Perspective on Sexual Pleasure and Gender

Ellen T. M. Laan et al.

Summary: Research suggests that men and women differ in their experience of sexual pleasure, largely due to men's higher innate sex drive, while there are similarities in the capacity to experience pleasure. However, there are substantial gender differences in opportunities for sexual pleasure.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH (2021)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Factors Leading to Detransition Among Transgender and Gender Diverse People in the United States: A Mixed-Methods Analysis

Jack L. Turban et al.

Summary: This study found that among TGD adults in the United States, 13.1% reported a history of detransition, with 82.5% of those reporting at least one external driving factor, often including family pressure and societal stigma. Individuals with a history of detransition were more likely to be male, have nonbinary gender identities, bisexual sexual orientations, and have unsupportive families.

LGBT HEALTH (2021)

Article Psychiatry

A Follow-Up Study of Boys With Gender Identity Disorder

Devita Singh et al.

Summary: This study reports follow-up data on a large sample of boys clinic-referred for gender dysphoria, showing a high rate of desistance and a high rate of biphilic/androphilic sexual orientation among those referred in childhood. The implications for current models of care for the treatment of gender dysphoria in children are discussed.

FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY (2021)

Article Oncology

Guiding the conversation-types of regret after gender-affirming surgery and their associated etiologies

Sasha Karan Narayan et al.

Summary: This study investigated surgeons' experiences with patient regret and requests for surgical reversal following gender affirming surgery. It found that the etiology and classification of regret varied in the literature, with regret being categorized as true gender-related, social, or medical. Regret following GAS was rare and consistent with existing literature, suggesting the need for preventive strategies and treatment recommendations in transgender healthcare. Future studies and discussions on this topic are encouraged.

ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2021)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Evaluation of Anxiety and Depression in a Community Sample of Transgender Youth

Dominic J. Gibson et al.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2021)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Cardiovascular Disease in a Population-Based Sample of Transgender and Cisgender Adults

Tonia C. Poteat et al.

Summary: This study found no significant differences in smoking or cardiovascular disease conditions between cisgender and transgender participants, but transgender women had an increased risk of venous thromboembolism compared to cisgender women. Transgender individuals faced greater risks of discrimination, psychological distress, and adverse childhood experiences, which were associated with cardiovascular disease, smoking, and venous thromboembolism.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE (2021)

Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Assessing and Addressing Cardiovascular Health in People Who Are Transgender and Gender Diverse: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Carl G. Streed et al.

Summary: Disparities in cardiovascular risk factors among transgender and gender diverse individuals may not solely be attributed to individual factors, but also to structural violence and psychosocial stressors. It is necessary to take a multifaceted approach integrating best practices to improve cardiovascular health for this population.

CIRCULATION (2021)

Article Peripheral Vascular Disease

Blood Pressure Effects of Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy in Transgender and Gender-Diverse Adults

Katherine Banks et al.

Summary: This study found that after starting gender-affirming hormone therapy, systolic blood pressure decreased in the transfeminine group and increased in the transmasculine group, with these changes maintained throughout the follow-up period. The prevalence of stage 2 hypertension decreased by 47% in the transfeminine group within 2 to 4 months of GAHT initiation. Further research is needed to explore the effects of GAHT in older gender-diverse individuals and optimal formulations of GAHT.

HYPERTENSION (2021)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Weight gain and obesity rates in transgender and gender-diverse adults before and during hormone therapy

M. Kyinn et al.

Summary: This longitudinal study found that transgender individuals undergoing gender-affirming hormone therapy experienced different patterns of weight changes, with transmasculine individuals showing greater rates of obesity and weight gain compared to transfeminine individuals. Routine monitoring of body weight and body mass index before and after hormone therapy initiation is recommended, along with promoting multidisciplinary weight-reduction interventions when necessary.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY (2021)

Article Psychology, Developmental

Association of Chest Dysphoria With Anxiety and Depression in Transmasculine and Nonbinary Adolescents Seeking Gender-Affirming Care

Rachita Sood et al.

Summary: This study aimed to investigate the association between chest dysphoria and mental health in transmasculine and nonbinary adolescents. The results showed a significant positive correlation between chest dysphoria and anxiety and depression symptoms, independent of gender dysphoria, appearance congruence, and social transition status. Treatment options for chest dysphoria should be tailored to individual needs of adolescents.

JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH (2021)

Article Psychology, Developmental

The Impact of Chest Binding in Transgender and Gender Diverse Youth and Young Adults

Jamie M. Julian et al.

Summary: The study found that most AYA learned to bind online and participants in the binding cohort were misgendered less. Additionally, there was a significant correlation between increased chest dysphoria and lower life satisfaction.

JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH (2021)

Article Psychology, Developmental

Timing of Social Transition for Transgender and Gender Diverse Youth, K-12 Harassment, and Adult Mental Health Outcomes

Jack L. Turban et al.

Summary: The study found that TGD children who undergo social transition may have better mental health outcomes in adulthood, but these outcomes may deteriorate if they experience gender identity-based harassment during K-12. Therefore, it is the responsibility of clinicians to emphasize the importance of adolescents having safe and affirming social environments.

JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH (2021)

Review Nursing

The process of transitioning for the transgender individual and the nursing imperative: A narrative review

Shelley Evans et al.

Summary: This study aims to bring the experience of transitioning process for transgender population to nursing profession and address the lack of knowledge. The literature review identified key themes related to transitioning, such as terminology evolution, medicalization, generational views, and needs during transition. The study has implications for improving trans competent care and nursing practices.

JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING (2021)

Review Genetics & Heredity

Uterus transplantation: state of the art in 2021

Elliott G. Richards et al.

Summary: Uterus transplantation is an emerging therapy for absolute uterine factor infertility, with an increasing number of successful pregnancies reported. The selection of donors and recipients is a complex process that requires the collaboration of a multidisciplinary team for ensuring the success of the surgery and the safety of the patients.

JOURNAL OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTION AND GENETICS (2021)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Toward a Lowest Effective Dose of Cyproterone Acetate in Trans Women: Results From the ENIGI Study

Suzanne M. E. Kuijpers et al.

Summary: A daily dose of 10 mg of cyproterone acetate is equally effective in lowering testosterone concentrations in trans women compared to higher doses, while showing fewer side effects.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2021)

Article Urology & Nephrology

Mental Healthcare Utilization of Transgender Youth Before and After Affirming Treatment

Elizabeth Hisle-Gorman et al.

Summary: This study suggests that TGD adolescents are at increased mental health risk compared to cisgender siblings, utilizing more mental healthcare services and psychotropic medications. Following gender affirmation, there was no significant change in mental healthcare, but an increase in psychotropic medication utilization.

JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE (2021)

Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Challenges in the care of transgender and gender-diverse youth: an endocrinologist's view

Stephen M. Rosenthal

Summary: An increasing number of transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) youth are seeking medical services to align their physical sex characteristics with their gender identity. This review highlights advances in understanding TGD youth, challenges in providing gender-affirming care, and research priorities.

NATURE REVIEWS ENDOCRINOLOGY (2021)

Article Pediatrics

Progression of Gender Dysphoria in Children and Adolescents: A Longitudinal Study

Stephanie Wagner et al.

Summary: This study characterized the progression of gender-diverse behavior in children and adolescents, finding that less than one-third of youth eventually receive a gender dysphoria-related diagnosis, while approximately one-quarter receive gender-affirming hormonal treatment. Being assigned female sex at birth, presenting at a older age for gender-diverse care, and being non-Hispanic white race and ethnicity increased the likelihood of receiving diagnosis and treatment.

PEDIATRICS (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Existimos: Health and social needs of transgender men in Lima, Peru

Sari L. Reisner et al.

Summary: The study highlighted the challenges faced by transgender men in Lima, including healthcare discrimination, lack of medical gender affirmation services, and unmet mental health needs. Participants viewed health as impacted by social, economic, and legal factors, with peer support playing a crucial role in resilience and well-being.

PLOS ONE (2021)

Article Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology

Listening to Gender-Diverse People of Color: Barriers to Accessing Voice and Communication Care

Adrienne B. Hancock et al.

Summary: This study aims to gather and analyze perspectives of racial and gender minority groups on voice and communication services, identifying barriers and emphasizing the need to overcome health literacy and beliefs barriers for future research to thoroughly assess potential interest.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY (2021)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Anxiety and Depression Among Transgender People: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Online Survey in Russia

Egor M. Chumakov et al.

Summary: The study found that approximately 45.1% of transgender individuals in Russia had clinically significant levels of anxiety symptoms, and 24.0% had clinically significant levels of depression symptoms. The mean scores of anxiety and depression in the sample were significantly higher than in the general Russian population.

LGBT HEALTH (2021)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

The Health Care of Adults with Differences in Sex Development or Intersex Traits Is Changing: Time to Prepare Clinicians and Health Systems

Frances Grimstad et al.

Summary: Historically, pediatric clinicians have provided the majority of medical care for those with differences in sex development or intersex traits (dsd/I), resulting in a lack of qualified adult clinicians and reluctance among pediatricians to transition patients to adult care. Recent changes in routine care for children and infants with dsd/I highlight the urgent need to address gaps in adult dsd/I health care. In this perspective, three key educational and research approaches are discussed to improve competence in caring for adults with dsd/I and enhance care throughout the lifespan.

LGBT HEALTH (2021)

Review Pediatrics

Measurement tools for gender identity, gender expression, and gender dysphoria in transgender and gender-diverse children and adolescents: a systematic review

Thea M. Bloom et al.

Summary: An increasing number of children and adolescents are being referred to gender services, but the clinical validity of tools used for assessment has not been systematically reviewed. A systematic review found a variety of tools used to assess gender identity, expression, or dysphoria in transgender and gender-diverse youth, with limitations such as small sample sizes and outdated content. Future research is needed to validate existing tools and develop more culturally appropriate measures.

LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH (2021)

Article Health Care Sciences & Services

The Impact of Training in Transgender Care on Healthcare Providers Competence and Confidence: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Aisa Burgwal et al.

Summary: Research has shown a lack of access to care for transgender people, with successful educational efforts in providing care. However, there is limited research on the need for healthcare providers to acquire knowledge and the impact of training on their competence and confidence levels.

HEALTHCARE (2021)

Article Psychology, Multidisciplinary

Cigarette Smoking and Minority Stress Across Age Cohorts in a National Sample of Sexual Minorities: Results From the Generations Study

Allegra R. Gordon et al.

Summary: The study found that sexual minority adults in different age cohorts had high rates of cigarette use, with the middle and older age groups having the highest rates. Additionally, minority stressors and victimization were associated with cigarette smoking among sexual minority adults.

ANNALS OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE (2021)

Article Psychology, Clinical

Enacted stigma experiences and protective factors are strongly associated with mental health outcomes of transgender people in Aotearoa/New Zealand

Kyle K. H. Tan et al.

Summary: International evidence has shown significant mental health disparities among transgender individuals, with enacted stigma negatively impacting mental health outcomes. Support from friends and family plays a crucial role in improving mental health, while a sense of belongingness to neighborhood and transgender communities also reduces the likelihood of psychological distress and suicidal ideation. It is important to address enacted stigma and enhance gender-affirming social supports for transgender individuals in order to prevent life-threatening mental health outcomes.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRANSGENDER HEALTH (2021)

Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

Health Care for Transgender and Gender Diverse Individuals ACOG Committee Opinion, Number 823

Summary: An estimated 150,000 youth and 1.4 million adults in the United States identify as transgender, facing social and economic marginalization which leads to health care inequities, highlighting the importance of providing inclusive health care.

OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY (2021)

Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Hormone Therapy, Mental Health, and Quality of Life Among Transgender People: A Systematic Review

Kellan E. Baker et al.

Summary: A systematic review aimed to explore the effect of gender-affirming hormone therapy on psychological outcomes among transgender individuals. The review found that hormone therapy was associated with increased quality of life, decreased depression, and decreased anxiety. However, the certainty of these conclusions is limited by study design biases, small sample sizes, and confounding factors, with no clear conclusions drawn regarding death by suicide. Future studies should aim to investigate the psychological benefits of hormone therapy in larger and more diverse groups of transgender individuals using more rigorous study designs.

JOURNAL OF THE ENDOCRINE SOCIETY (2021)

Review Surgery

Complications and Patient-reported Outcomes in Transfemale Vaginoplasty: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Samyd S. Bustos et al.

Summary: This updated systematic review on transfemale vaginoplasty found an overall satisfaction rate of 91% and a regret rate of only 2%. The average neovaginal depth ranged from 9.4 cm to 15.3 cm, and complications rates were within an acceptable range for different surgical techniques.

PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN (2021)

Article Psychology, Clinical

Longitudinal Effects of Psychotherapy With Transgender and Nonbinary Clients: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

Stephanie L. Budge et al.

Summary: This pilot study aimed to assess the feasibility and relative effectiveness of two psychotherapy interventions for transgender clients. Results showed improvement in both interventions based on general outcome measures, with a trend of improvement in targeted outcome measures.

PSYCHOTHERAPY (2021)

Article Psychology, Clinical

The Gender-Affirmative Life Span Approach: A Developmental Model for Clinical Work With Transgender and Gender-Diverse Children, Adolescents, and Adults

Katherine G. Spencer et al.

Summary: The Gender-Affirmative Life Span Approach (GALA) is an innovative therapeutic framework that aims to promote the mental health of transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) clients by developing gender literacy, building resiliency, moving beyond the binary, exploring pleasure-oriented sexuality, and making connections to medical interventions. Psychotherapy tailored for different developmental stages is crucial in supporting TGD individuals in understanding their gender identity and expression, overcoming adversity, and embracing a spectrum approach to gender and sexuality.

PSYCHOTHERAPY (2021)

Article Health Care Sciences & Services

Silicone use among Nepali transgender women: the hazards of beauty

Pramod Raj Regmi et al.

Summary: Transgender individuals in Nepal commonly inject silicone for face and body manipulation, influenced by the desire to appear more beautiful and feminine. However, they often do not follow recommended procedures for silicone use and have poor awareness of potential side effects or complications. Targeted interventions should focus on educating transgender individuals on silicone use and exploring safe and affordable approaches to meet their appearance needs.

JOURNAL OF HEALTH RESEARCH (2021)

Article Psychology, Clinical

Early Genital Surgery in Disorders/Differences of Sex Development: Patients' Perspectives

Elena Bennecke et al.

Summary: The survey showed divergence in opinions among individuals with CAH and XY DSD regarding the appropriate age for genital surgery, with females in the XY DSD group tending to prefer vaginoplasty at a later age, and males preferring early hypospadias surgery. Those who underwent early genital surgery were more likely to approve of it.

ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR (2021)

Article Psychology, Clinical

Ambient Discrimination, Victimization, and Suicidality in a Non-Probability US Sample of LGBTQ Adults

Amanda L. Peterson et al.

Summary: This study found that individuals identifying as transgender, queer, or other in the LGBTQ community are more vulnerable to the effects of ambient and direct discrimination, as well as psychological pain. Direct discrimination independently predicted suicidal ideation, while both ambient and direct discrimination contributed independently to psychological pain, which fully mediated their relationship with suicidal ideation. The results provide insight into the pathways of risk for suicide in the LGBTQ community.

ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR (2021)

Article Psychology, Multidisciplinary

The sibling experience: growing up with a trans sibling

Eleanor Parker et al.

Summary: This study explored the experiences of siblings of transgender individuals, revealing both challenges and positive experiences they faced. The findings highlight the need for accessible information on transgender identities, increased visibility, and targeted support services.

AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY (2021)

Article Psychology, Developmental

Social Support and Internalizing Psychopathology in Transgender Youth

Lily Durwood et al.

Summary: This study found that higher levels of family, peer, and school support for a child's gender identity were associated with fewer internalizing symptoms in transgender youth, while state-level support was not related to internalizing symptoms. Additionally, peer and school support can help mitigate the impact of gender-related victimization on internalizing symptoms.

JOURNAL OF YOUTH AND ADOLESCENCE (2021)

Article Psychology, Clinical

Examining Sexual Behavior Among US Transgender Adolescents

Anne J. Maheux et al.

Summary: The study focuses on the sexual behaviors of transgender adolescents, finding that their age of initiating sexual behaviors and number of partners are similar to cisgender adolescents. There were no significant differences between gender identity subgroups across the four sexual behaviors, except for anal sex. The participants reported low rates of STIs and pregnancy, but also low rates of STI testing.

JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH (2021)

Article Psychology, Clinical

I Use All the Parts I'm Given: A Qualitative Investigation of Trans Masculine and Nonbinary Individuals' Use of Body during Sex

Annalisa Anzani et al.

Summary: The study found differences in how trans masculine and nonbinary individuals use their bodies during sexual activities, with some participants describing a lack of sexual activity while others engaged in a wide range of activities.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH (2021)

Article Health Policy & Services

Expanding and improving trans affirming care in Australia: experiences with healthcare professionals among transgender young people and their parents

Clare Bartholomaeus et al.

Summary: This study explores the experiences and views of transgender young people and their families regarding healthcare professionals in and outside of gender clinics in Australia. Key themes include varying levels of knowledge and affirmation among healthcare professionals, service quality depending on individual professionals, and lack of connected services and referral pathways in the healthcare system.

HEALTH SOCIOLOGY REVIEW (2021)

Letter Psychology, Clinical

One Size Does Not Fit All: In Support of Psychotherapy for Gender Dysphoria

Roberto D'Angelo et al.

ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR (2021)

Review Psychology, Clinical

A systematic review of the efficacy, harmful effects, and ethical issues related to sexual orientation change efforts

Amy Przeworski et al.

Summary: Sexual orientation change efforts (SOCE) are not effective in altering sexual orientation, with many studies showing negative outcomes associated with such practices. In contrast, affirming therapies, consistent with ethical guidelines, have positive outcomes for LGBQ clients.

CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE (2021)

Article Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary

More than an Apple a Day: Factors Associated with Avoidance of Doctor Visits Among Transgender, Gender Nonconforming, and Nonbinary People in the USA

Justin E. Lerner et al.

Summary: Transgender, gender non-conforming, and non-binary individuals often face disrespect or discrimination from healthcare providers, leading them to avoid necessary care. Factors such as cost, invasive questions, refusal of care, verbal harassment, and the need to educate providers contribute to the avoidance of healthcare utilization among this population.

SEXUALITY RESEARCH AND SOCIAL POLICY (2021)

Article Psychology, Clinical

Sexual Satisfaction in Trans Masculine and Nonbinary Individuals: A Qualitative Investigation

Louis Lindley et al.

Summary: The study examined how trans masculine and nonbinary individuals describe their sexual satisfaction, identifying universal and trans-related themes. It emphasizes how clinicians and researchers can use these findings to enhance the sexual satisfaction of this population.

JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH (2021)

Article Psychology, Clinical

A Clinical Program for Transgender and Gender-Diverse Neurodiverse/Autistic Adolescents Developed through Community-Based Participatory Design

John F. Strang et al.

Summary: This study used a community-based participatory research approach to develop a stakeholder-driven clinical group program for autistic/neurodiverse gender-diverse youth. Needs assessments from youth, parents, self-advocates, and clinical providers led to the identification of key priorities and the integration of these priorities resulted in 11 novel clinical techniques for this population. With high acceptability ratings for each component of the program, this study presents a community-driven clinical model to support the care needs and preferences of A/ND-GD adolescents.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY (2021)

Review Psychology, Clinical

Mental health outcomes among individuals with 46,XY disorders of sex development: A systematic review

Lisa M. Godfrey

Summary: The mental health outcomes of genetic males with 46,XY DSD vary widely, with some patients with hypospadias or complete androgen insensitivity syndrome showing better mental health. Future studies should focus on larger samples, separate results by DSD diagnosis and gender identity, and consider the impact of medical/surgical events on mental health.

JOURNAL OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY (2021)

Article Gerontology

Differential Access to Transgender Inclusive Insurance and Healthcare in the United States: Challenges to Health across the Life Course

Matthew Bakko et al.

Summary: This commentary examines how various types of insurance address issues related to transgender care, highlighting the inadequacies in current policies and practices in achieving continuity of care and positive health outcomes across the life course. Suggestions for improvement include extending insurance coverage for all necessary treatments, offering training for transgender-affirming healthcare, and conducting research on the health needs of the transgender community throughout their lives.

JOURNAL OF AGING & SOCIAL POLICY (2021)

Article Education & Educational Research

Protocols as curriculum? Learning health advocacy skills by working with transgender patients in the context of gender-affirming medicine

Kinnon R. MacKinnon et al.

ADVANCES IN HEALTH SCIENCES EDUCATION (2020)

Article Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology

Transmasculine Voice Modification: A Case Study

Daniel P. Buckley et al.

JOURNAL OF VOICE (2020)

Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

Contraception across the transmasculine spectrum

Chance Krempasky et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY (2020)

Article Psychology, Developmental

Re-evaluation of the Dutch approach: are recently referred transgender youth different compared to earlier referrals?

Marijn Arnoldussen et al.

EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY (2020)

Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

Parental desire and fertility preservation in assigned female at birth transgender people living in Belgium

Justine Defreyne et al.

FERTILITY AND STERILITY (2020)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Artificial Intelligence in Musculoskeletal Imaging: A Paradigm Shift

Chantal M. Wiepjes et al.

JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH (2020)

Article Psychiatry

Adolescent development and psychosocial functioning after starting cross-sex hormones for gender dysphoria

Riittakerttu Kaltiala et al.

NORDIC JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY (2020)

Review Clinical Neurology

Psychiatric disorders in individuals diagnosed with gender dysphoria: A systematic review

Larissa Dias de Freitas et al.

PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES (2020)

Letter Obstetrics & Gynecology

Data unclear on pregnancy risk in transmasculine individuals on testosterone

Finn D. Schubert et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY (2020)

Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

The effect of testosterone on ovulatory function in transmasculine individuals

Rebecca L. Taub et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY (2020)

Article Primary Health Care

A Blueprint for Planning and Implementing a Transgender Health Program

Anna M. Morenz et al.

ANNALS OF FAMILY MEDICINE (2020)

Article Surgery

A Comparison of Gender-Affirming Chest Surgery in Nonbinary Versus Transmasculine Patients

Melissa McTernan et al.

ANNALS OF PLASTIC SURGERY (2020)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH GENDER DYSPHORIA IN ISRAEL: INCREASING REFERRAL AND FERTILITY PRESERVATION RATES

Anat Segev-Becker et al.

ENDOCRINE PRACTICE (2020)

Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Impact of Exogenous Testosterone on Reproduction in Transgender Men

Molly B. Moravek et al.

ENDOCRINOLOGY (2020)

Article Psychology, Developmental

Transgender Youth's Disclosure of Gender Identity to Providers Outside of Specialized Gender Centers

Gina M. Sequeira et al.

JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH (2020)

Article Ethics

Medically assisted gender affirmation: when children and parents disagree

Samuel Dubin et al.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS (2020)

Review Urology & Nephrology

Frequency, Determinants, and Satisfaction of Breast Augmentation in Trans Women Receiving Hormone Treatment

Christel J. M. de Blok et al.

JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE (2020)

Letter Dermatology

Prevalence of moderate to severe acne in transgender adults: A cross-sectional survey

Howa Yeung et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY (2020)

Article Education & Educational Research

Debate: Why should gender-affirming health care be included in health science curricula?

Elma de Vries et al.

BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION (2020)

Review Andrology

Fertility preservation options for transgender individuals

Joshua Sterling et al.

TRANSLATIONAL ANDROLOGY AND UROLOGY (2020)

Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

Adverse events associated with gender affirming vaginoplasty surgery

Cecile A. Ferrando

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY (2020)

Editorial Material Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Health Implications of Housing Assignments for Incarcerated Transgender Women

Elida Ledesma et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH (2020)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Health Disparities Among Transgender Adults in South Korea

Hyemin Lee et al.

ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH (2020)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Pharmacology and drug interactions with HIV PrEP in transgender persons receiving gender affirming hormone therapy

Jenna L. Yager et al.

EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG METABOLISM & TOXICOLOGY (2020)

Editorial Material Infectious Diseases

How can we improve uptake of oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis for transgender individuals?

Asa E. Radix et al.

EXPERT REVIEW OF ANTI-INFECTIVE THERAPY (2020)

Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

5α-Reductase-2 deficiency: is gender assignment recommended in infancy? Two case-reports and review of the literature

C. Cocchetti et al.

JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION (2020)

Article Psychology, Developmental

Physiological and Metabolic Characteristics of a Cohort of Transgender and Gender-Diverse Youth in the United States

Kate Millington et al.

JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH (2020)

Article Education & Educational Research

Implementation of sexual and gender minority health curricula in health care professional schools: a qualitative study

Mandi L. Pratt-Chapman

BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION (2020)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Hormonal Treatment Strategies Tailored to Non-Binary Transgender Individuals

Carlotta Cocchetti et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2020)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Gender-concordant identity documents and mental health among transgender adults in the USA: a cross-sectional study

Ayden I. Scheim et al.

LANCET PUBLIC HEALTH (2020)

Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

The Imperative for Transgender and Gender Nonbinary Inclusion Beyond Women's Health

Heidi Moseson et al.

OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY (2020)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Self-Reported Conversion Efforts and Suicidality Among US LGBTQ Youths and Young Adults, 2018

Amy E. Green et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH (2020)

Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

GENETICS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY Genetic etiologies of central precocious puberty and the role of imprinted genes

Stephanie A. Roberts et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (2020)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Drug Interactions with Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy: Focus on Antiretrovirals and Direct Acting Antivirals

Lauren R. Cirrincione et al.

EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG METABOLISM & TOXICOLOGY (2020)

Review Health Care Sciences & Services

Quality of life in people with transsexuality after surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Mehrdad Eftekhar Ardebili et al.

HEALTH AND QUALITY OF LIFE OUTCOMES (2020)

Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

Impaired semen quality in trans women: prevalence and determinants

I de Nie et al.

HUMAN REPRODUCTION (2020)

Article Psychology, Developmental

Contraceptive Beliefs , Needs, and Care Experiences Among Transgender and Nonbinary Young Adults

Anu Manchikanti Gomez et al.

JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH (2020)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Fracture risk assessment in an Italian group of transgender women after gender-confirming surgery

Giovanna Motta et al.

JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL METABOLISM (2020)

Article Urology & Nephrology

Ovarian Histopathology in Transmasculine Persons on Testosterone: A Multicenter Case Series

Frances W. Grimstad et al.

JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE (2020)

Article Surgery

Prospective Quality-of-Life Outcomes after Facial Feminization Surgery: An International Multicenter Study

Shane D. Morrison et al.

PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY (2020)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

DIFFERENTIAL ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE SUPPRESSIVE AGENTS IN TRANSGENDER WOMEN

Yael Sofer et al.

ENDOCRINE PRACTICE (2020)

Article Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology

Voice-Gender Incongruence and Voice Health Information-Seeking Behaviors in the Transgender Community

Evan Kennedy et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY (2020)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Bone Development in Transgender Adolescents Treated With GnRH Analogues and Subsequent Gender-Affirming Hormones

Sebastian E. E. Schagen et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2020)

Article Pediatrics

Mental Health and Timing of Gender-Affirming Care

Julia C. Sorbara et al.

PEDIATRICS (2020)

Article Pediatrics

Timing of Puberty Suppression and Surgical Options for Transgender Youth

Tim C. van de Grift et al.

PEDIATRICS (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A national study on the physical and mental health of intersex adults in the US

Amy Rosenwohl-Mack et al.

PLOS ONE (2020)

Article Environmental Sciences

We Just Take Care of Each Other: Navigating 'Chosen Family' in the Context of Health, Illness, and the Mutual Provision of Care amongst Queer and Transgender Young Adults

Nina Jackson Levin et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH (2020)

News Item Medicine, General & Internal

Children are highly unlikely to be able to consent to taking puberty blockers, rules High Court

Clare Dyer

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2020)

Article Environmental Sciences

Gender Affirmation through Correct Pronoun Usage: Development and Validation of the Transgender Women's Importance of Pronouns (TW-IP) Scale

Jae M. Sevelius et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH (2020)

Article Urology & Nephrology

Sexual Function After Gender-Affirming Genital Reconstruction

Federico Tirapegui et al.

CURRENT SEXUAL HEALTH REPORTS (2020)

Article Psychology

Examining Identity Development and Transition Differences Among Binary Transgender and Genderqueer Nonbinary (GQNB) Individuals

Alexander K. Tatum et al.

PSYCHOLOGY OF SEXUAL ORIENTATION AND GENDER DIVERSITY (2020)

Article Psychology

Assessing Gender in Young Children: Constructs and Considerations

Christy L. Olezeski et al.

PSYCHOLOGY OF SEXUAL ORIENTATION AND GENDER DIVERSITY (2020)

Review Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Non-HIV chronic disease burden among transgender populations globally: A systematic review and narrative synthesis

Ashleigh J. Rich et al.

PREVENTIVE MEDICINE REPORTS (2020)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Longitudinal Changes in Hematologic Parameters Among Transgender People Receiving Hormone Therapy

Ana Antun et al.

JOURNAL OF THE ENDOCRINE SOCIETY (2020)

Article Psychology, Clinical

The stability of autistic traits in transgender adults following cross-sex hormone treatment

Anna Nobili et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRANSGENDER HEALTH (2020)

Article Psychology, Clinical

Knowledge and attitudes toward transgender community among speech-language pathologists in India: A questionnaire-based exploration

Dhanshree R. Gunjawate et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRANSGENDER HEALTH (2020)

Review Psychology, Clinical

Effects of antiandrogens on prolactin levels among transgender women on estrogen therapy: A systematic review

Lisa M. Wilson et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRANSGENDER HEALTH (2020)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Studying physical and mental health status among hijra, kothi and transgender community in Kolkata, India

Shamayeta Bhattacharya et al.

SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE (2020)

Article Psychology, Developmental

Illness Uncertainty Longitudinally Predicts Distress Among Caregivers of Children Born With DSD

Caroline M. Roberts et al.

JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC PSYCHOLOGY (2020)

Article Psychology, Clinical

Utrecht Gender Dysphoria Scale - Gender Spectrum (UGDS-GS): Construct validity among transgender, nonbinary, and LGBQ samples

Jenifer K. McGuire et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRANSGENDER HEALTH (2020)

Review Psychology, Clinical

Epidemiological considerations in transgender health: A systematic review with focus on higher quality data

Qi Zhang et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRANSGENDER HEALTH (2020)

Review Psychology, Developmental

Health Disparities in Transgender and Gender Expansive Adolescents: A Topical Review From a Minority Stress Framework

Alexandria M. Delozier et al.

JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC PSYCHOLOGY (2020)

Article Family Studies

Towards an agency-based model of intersex, variations of sex characteristics (VSC) and DSD/dsd health

Daniela Crocetti et al.

CULTURE HEALTH & SEXUALITY (2020)

Article Psychology, Clinical

Non-binary reproduction: Stories of conception, pregnancy, and birth

Olivia J. Fischer

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRANSGENDER HEALTH (2020)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Mental Health Status of Cisgender and Gender-Diverse Secondary School Students in China

Yuanyuan Wang et al.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2020)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Low Bone Mineral Density in Early Pubertal Transgender/Gender Diverse Youth: Findings From the Trans Youth Care Study

Janet Y. Lee et al.

JOURNAL OF THE ENDOCRINE SOCIETY (2020)

Article Surgery

Retrospective Study of Prosthetic Augmentation Mammoplasty in Transwomen

T. M. Balakrishnan et al.

INDIAN JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY (2020)

Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Endocrine treatment of transgender individuals: current guidelines and strategies

James Christopher John Prince et al.

EXPERT REVIEW OF ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2020)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Intersex, infertility and the future: early diagnoses and the imagined life course

Charlotte Jones

SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS (2020)

Article Surgery

Immediate Targeted Nipple-Areolar Complex Reinnervation: Improving Outcomes in Gender-affirming Mastectomy

Danielle H. Rochlin et al.

PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN (2020)

Article Education, Scientific Disciplines

The Need for Transgender Healthcare Medical Education in a Developing Country

Russell S. Martins et al.

ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE (2020)

Review Psychology, Clinical

The relationship between minority stress and biological outcomes: A systematic review

Annesa Flentje et al.

JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE (2020)

Article Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary

Philosophical Problems With the Gender-Critical Feminist Argument Against Trans Inclusion

Aleardo Zanghellini

SAGE OPEN (2020)

Article Family Studies

Parents' Journeys to Acceptance and Support of Gender-diverse and Trans Children and Youth

Annie Pullen Sansfacon et al.

JOURNAL OF FAMILY ISSUES (2020)

Article Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary

Homophobia, conversion therapy, and care models for trans youth: defending the gender-affirmative approach

Florence Ashley

JOURNAL OF LGBT YOUTH (2020)

Article Psychology, Clinical

Invalidation Experiences Among Non-Binary Adolescents

Kelly C. Johnson et al.

JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH (2020)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

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