Association between Phase Angle from Bioelectric Impedance and Muscular Strength and Power in Physically Active Adults

Simple Summary This study compared muscle strength and power indicators in resistance-trained men by evaluating associations between phase angle and performance, while controlling for body composition. We evaluated dynamic muscle strength in bench press and back squat, and muscle power using the Wingate test and countermovement jump. Participants with higher phase angle displayed superior muscle strength of the upper limbs and greater muscle power of the lower limbs. Regarding countermovement jump and bench press, phase angle showed moderate association with performance, even after controlling for body composition. Still, lean soft tissue was the most important predictor of muscle strength and power. This study aimed to compare muscle strength and power indicators according to bioimpedance spectroscopy's phase angle (PhA) values, in resistance-trained (RT) men, while exploring associations between PhA and performance. Forty-four men aged 18-45 years, engaged in RT, were allocated according to PhA tertiles. Lean soft tissue (LST) and fat mass (%FM) were assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; dynamic muscle strength using 1 repetition maximum (1RM) of bench press (BP) and back squat (BS) and muscle power using Wingate test (WT) and countermovement jump (CMJ). For WT and CMJ, the 3rd tertile was significantly higher than the 1st tertile (p = 0.027 and p = 0.018, respectively). Regarding BP 1RM, the 3rd tertile was significantly higher than the 2(nd) tertile (p = 0.037). LST better explained the variability in the WT, BS and BP (p =< 0.001), while %FM better accounted for jump height in CMJ (p =< 0.001). PhA was a predictor of performance in both CMJ (p = 0.040) and BP (p = 0.012), independently of LST and %FM. Participants with higher PhA also displayed superior muscle strength of the upper limbs and greater muscle power of the lower limbs. PhA displayed significant moderate associations with performance in CMJ and BP, even after controlling for body composition. Still, LST was the most important predictor of muscle strength and power.

Automated summary

This study compared muscle strength and power indicators in resistance-trained men and found that participants with higher phase angle displayed superior muscle strength of the upper limbs and greater muscle power of the lower limbs. Phase angle showed moderate associations with performance in countermovement jump and bench press, even after controlling for body composition. However, lean soft tissue was found to be the most important predictor of muscle strength and power.