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Review Biochemical Research Methods

Volatile compounds in human breath: critical review and meta-analysis

Theo Issitt et al.

Summary: Volatile compounds in human breath can reflect the inner workings of the body, but the identification of breath biomarkers remains inconsistent and conflicting. This study grouped volatile organic compounds into chemical functional groups to improve biomarker discovery. The results show that using targeted functional volatile biomarkers, rather than individual compounds, can improve accuracy and success in diagnostic research and application.

JOURNAL OF BREATH RESEARCH (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Ants detect cancer cells through volatile organic compounds

Baptiste Piqueret et al.

Summary: Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. This study demonstrates that ants can be trained to detect the odor of human cancer cells, providing a noninvasive and efficient method for early cancer detection.

ISCIENCE (2022)

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Article Biology

Pond Assay for the Sensory Systems of Caenorhabditis elegans: A Novel Anesthesia-Free Method Enabling Detection of Responses to Extremely Low Chemical Concentrations

Michiyo Suzuki et al.

Summary: The Pond Assay for the Sensory Systems (PASS) is a novel method for behavioral analysis in Caenorhabditis elegans, where test solutions are injected into recesses on agar to observe the response to odor and/or taste. This method allows for precise trapping of animals without the need for anesthesia, providing a pure evaluation of responses to specific substances. PASS can streamline testing procedures and has shown effectiveness in detecting odors at extremely low concentrations.

BIOLOGY-BASEL (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Using tears as a non-invasive source for early detection of breast cancer

Anna Daily et al.

Summary: This study identified protein biomarkers with altered expression levels in tear samples from women diagnosed with breast cancer. Through LC-MS/MS analysis, 14 potential biomarkers were identified and validated by ELISA. The results showed significantly higher expression of S100A8 and S100A9 in breast cancer patients, while Galectin-3 binding protein had increased expression in the control group. These findings support the use of tear proteins in detecting systemic diseases such as breast cancer.

PLOS ONE (2022)

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Article Oncology

The potential of liquid biopsy in the management of cancer patients

A. Markou et al.

Summary: Liquid biopsy, through the analysis of CTCs, ctDNA, cfmiRNAs, and EVs, has gained attention as a powerful tool in personalized medicine for monitoring cancer evolution and follow-up of cancer patients in real time. It has significant impacts on prognosis, detection of MRD, treatment selection, and monitoring of cancer patients, and shows potential for early cancer diagnosis.

SEMINARS IN CANCER BIOLOGY (2022)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Multi Cancer Early Detection by Using Circulating Tumor DNA-The Galleri Test. Reply to Klein et al. The Promise of Multicancer Early Detection. Comment on Pons-Belda et al. Can Circulating Tumor DNA Support a Successful Screening Test for Early Cancer Detection? The Grail Paradigm. Diagnostics 2021, 11, 2171

Oscar D. Pons-Belda et al.

Summary: This article discusses the concerns and criticisms surrounding new technologies that use circulating tumor DNA for early cancer detection. The focus is on the tests developed by GRAIL, with scientists from the company providing explanations and rebuttals. The article emphasizes the importance of constructive scientific debates in advancing fields such as early cancer detection.

DIAGNOSTICS (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Analysis of VOCs in Urine Samples Directed towards of Bladder Cancer Detection

Tomasz Ligor et al.

Summary: In this study, headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography time of flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC TOF MS) were used to analyze the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urine samples of bladder cancer patients and healthy individuals. The results showed that there were different VOC profiles between bladder cancer patients and healthy individuals. Several potential biomarkers were identified.

MOLECULES (2022)

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Review Chemistry, Physical

Volatolomics in healthcare and its advanced detection technology

Wenwen Hu et al.

Summary: This review article critically considers and summarizes the volatolomics in healthcare, clarifying the relationship between the volatolome and specific diseases and introducing analytical instruments and advanced detection technologies.

NANO RESEARCH (2022)

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Review Oncology

Circulating tumour DNA - looking beyond the blood

Ann Tivey et al.

Summary: Over the past decade, liquid biopsy techniques have emerged as alternatives to traditional tissue biopsy samples. Majority of research in this field has focused on blood-based biomarkers, especially circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) derived from plasma. However, ctDNA can also be obtained from non-blood sources such as urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and pleural or peritoneal fluid. In this review, the authors discuss the advances in analyzing ctDNA from non-blood sources, exploring the distinct advantages and technical aspects of non-blood ctDNA assay development. They also reflect on when non-blood ctDNA can have advantages over plasma ctDNA and the challenges of translating these assays into clinical use.

NATURE REVIEWS CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2022)

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Article Biochemical Research Methods

Volatolomic urinary profile analysis for diagnosis of the early stage of lung cancer

Roberto Gasparri et al.

Summary: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can serve as useful fingerprints for the diagnosis of lung cancer. In this study, urinary VOCs were analyzed using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometer and an electronic nose, and machine learning algorithms identified eight VOCs that could distinguish lung cancer patients from healthy individuals. The results showed that this method had high diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity for early stage lung cancer.

JOURNAL OF BREATH RESEARCH (2022)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Molecular Biomarkers in Cancer

Virinder Kaur Sarhadi et al.

Summary: Molecular cancer biomarkers are measurable molecular indicators that provide information about cancer risk, occurrence, and patient outcome. They can be detected in various samples using advanced detection technologies. Biomarkers have extensive clinical applications and can assist in decision-making and individualized targeted therapies.

BIOMOLECULES (2022)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Diagnostic Performance of Electronic Noses in Cancer Diagnoses Using Exhaled Breath A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Max H. M. C. Scheepers et al.

Summary: This study provides an overview of the diagnostic accuracy and methodological challenges of using electronic noses (e-noses) for cancer detection in exhaled breath. Despite high diagnostic accuracy, most studies were feasibility studies with small sample sizes, lack of standardization, and a high risk of bias, highlighting the need for further research to address standardization and reproducibility in e-nose studies.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Analytical

The Role of a Polymer-Based E-Nose in the Detection of Head and Neck Cancer from Exhaled Breath

Roberta Anzivino et al.

Summary: The aim of this study was to assess the ability of a polymer-based e-nose to accurately distinguish head and neck cancer patients, healthy controls, and patients with allergic rhinitis. The results showed that the e-nose was able to differentiate between these three groups, suggesting its potential as a diagnostic tool for head and neck cancer. It is a user-friendly, fast, non-invasive, and cost-effective technology.

SENSORS (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Breast cancer detection by analyzing the volatile organic compound (VOC) signature in human urine

Judit Giro Benet et al.

Summary: This paper presents a method of using an electronic nose device to detect breast cancer. By utilizing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technology and artificial intelligence algorithms, specific volatile organic compounds in urine can be identified, enabling the diagnosis of breast cancer.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2022)

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Review Oncology

Diagnostic Ability of Volatile Organic Compounds in Digestive Cancer: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis

Hang Yang et al.

Summary: Volatile organic compounds have the potential to diagnose gastrointestinal cancer with relatively high sensitivity, specificity, and AUC.

CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ONCOLOGY (2022)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Early-stage multi-cancer detection using an extracellular vesicle protein-based blood test

Juan Pablo Hinestrosa et al.

Summary: This study developed an EV-based blood biomarker classifier utilizing machine learning algorithm to detect early-stage pancreatic, ovarian, and bladder cancer. The results showed high sensitivity and specificity of this classifier in early cancer detection, indicating its potential clinical value for further studies.

COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Biology

Breast Cancer Detection from a Urine Sample by Dog Sniffing: A Preliminary Study for the Development of a New Screening Device, and a Literature Review

Shoko Kure et al.

Summary: This study aimed to assess the feasibility of using urine samples for breast cancer screening through the fingerprints of volatile organic compounds, with the help of a single trained sniffer dog. Results showed that the trained dog could accurately detect breast cancer from urine samples of breast cancer patients, suggesting the potential use of this method in the diagnosis of breast cancer.

BIOLOGY-BASEL (2021)

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Article Oncology

Modeled Reductions in Late-stage Cancer with a Multi-Cancer Early Detection Test

Earl Hubbell et al.

Summary: Cancer is a major global health issue, with many cases diagnosed at late stages. The study explores the potential public health impact of incorporating MCED tests into routine care, showing significant reductions in cancer mortality rates. The findings suggest that implementing MCED tests could have a substantial positive effect on public health outcomes.

CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION (2021)

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Article Oncology

Liquid biopsy enters the clinic - implementation issues and future challenges

Michail Ignatiadis et al.

Summary: The approval of liquid biopsy assays for detecting genetic alterations in plasma cell-free DNA has marked a tipping point for the clinical use of this technology, especially in patients with advanced-stage cancer. The next frontier is likely to be the systemic treatment of patients with 'ctDNA relapse' and other potential future applications include cancer screening and diagnosis.

NATURE REVIEWS CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Volatile Organic Compounds in Exhaled Breath as Fingerprints of Lung Cancer, Asthma and COPD

Ileana Andreea Ratiu et al.

Summary: Lung cancer, COPD, and asthma are inflammatory diseases with increasing global prevalence, causing physical and psychological distress to patients while incurring high societal costs. Analyzing trace VOCs in exhaled breath has the potential to provide cheaper, rapid, and non-invasive screening procedures for diagnosing and monitoring lung diseases, but challenges remain in terms of research consensus and clinical implementation.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Urinary Volatile Organic Compound Analysis for the Diagnosis of Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review and Quality Assessment

Qing Wen et al.

Summary: The study summarizes published literature on cancer-associated urinary volatile organic compounds, finding unique VOC profiles for different cancer subtypes and promising non-invasive diagnostic potential for cancer with urinary VOC analysis.

METABOLITES (2021)

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Article Oncology

Association of Cancer Screening Deficit in the United States With the COVID-19 Pandemic

Ronald C. Chen et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic led to significant declines in cancer screening rates, resulting in an estimated deficit of 9.4 million screenings across the US population in 2020. These declines varied by geographic region and socioeconomic status index, with the use of telehealth associated with higher screening rates. Public health efforts are needed to address this large deficit in cancer screening associated with the pandemic.

JAMA ONCOLOGY (2021)

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Article Oncology

Clinical validation of a targeted methylation-based multi-cancer early detection test using an independent validation set

E. A. Klein et al.

Summary: This study confirmed the feasibility of using the refined MCED test version as a screening tool, demonstrating high specificity and accuracy in predicting CSO, and detecting signals of various cancers.

ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY (2021)

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Article Oncology

Sniffer dogs can identify lung cancer patients from breath and urine samples

Charlotte Feil et al.

Summary: The study showed that specifically trained dogs can distinguish lung cancer patients from healthy controls using urine and breath samples, especially urine samples. This method has the potential to be a simple and non-invasive tool for detecting lung cancer.

BMC CANCER (2021)

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Article

Scent test using Caenorhabditis elegans to screen for early-stage pancreatic cancer

Ayumu Asai et al.

Oncotarget (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

C. elegans-based chemosensation strategy for the early detection of cancer metabolites in urine samples

Enrico Lanza et al.

Summary: Chemosensory receptors are crucial for organisms like the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to accurately distinguish a wide range of volatile/soluble molecules. Through behavioral assays, it was demonstrated that the AWC sensory neurons play a significant role in cancer odorants detection, enhancing discrimination accuracy. Additionally, chemotaxis assays on animals lacking GPCRs expressed in AWC helped identify receptors involved in binding cancer metabolites, highlighting the importance of these receptors in the cancer discriminating behavior of C. elegans.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

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Review Oncology

Comprehensive Volatilome and Metabolome Signatures of Colorectal Cancer in Urine: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Celia Mallafre-Muro et al.

Summary: Colorectal cancer is a common neoplasm in Western countries, and early diagnosis usually involves fecal occult blood tests and colonoscopies. Researchers are exploring alternatives, with urine testing being considered a potentially more widely accepted and accurate option.

CANCERS (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Caenorhabditis elegans as a Diagnostic Aid for Pancreatic Cancer

Masanori Kobayashi et al.

Summary: The N-NOSE method showed a sensitivity of 84.6% and specificity of 60% for pancreatic cancer. It was able to detect stages 0 to I pancreatic cancer, showing a higher correlation with early-stage pancreatic cancer than advanced stage.

PANCREAS (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Gene Variants That Affect Levels of Circulating Tumor Markers Increase Identification of Patients With Pancreatic Cancer

Toshiya Abe et al.

CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY (2020)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Efficiency of Gastrointestinal Cancer Detection by Nematode-NOSE (N-NOSE)

Hirotake Kusumoto et al.

IN VIVO (2020)

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Letter Oncology

A multi-cancer detection test: focus on the positive predictive value

C. Fiala et al.

ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Extracellular Vesicle and Particle Biomarkers Define Multiple Human Cancers

Ayuko Hoshino et al.

CELL (2020)

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Article Oncology

A Panel of Urinary Volatile Biomarkers for Differential Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer from Other Urological Cancers

Ana Rita Lima et al.

CANCERS (2020)

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Review Chemistry, Analytical

Electronic Nose as a Novel Method for Diagnosing Cancer: A Systematic Review

Chiara Baldini et al.

BIOSENSORS-BASEL (2020)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Non-invasive cancer detection using volatile biomarkers: Is urine superior to breath?

Roland Becker

MEDICAL HYPOTHESES (2020)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Potential of the Electronic Nose for the Detection of Respiratory Diseases with and without Infection

Johann-Christoph Licht et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2020)

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Article Genetics & Heredity

C. elegans: a sensible model for sensory biology

Adam J. Iliff et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROGENETICS (2020)

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Review Biochemical Research Methods

A review of exhaled breath: a key role in lung cancer diagnosis

Davide Marzorati et al.

JOURNAL OF BREATH RESEARCH (2019)

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Review Pathology

Liquid Biopsy: General Concepts

Geoffroy Poulet et al.

ACTA CYTOLOGICA (2019)

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Application of C. elegans cancer screening test for the detection of pancreatic tumor in genetically engineered mice

Yuji Ueda et al.

Oncotarget (2019)

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Review Oncology

Review and Comparison of Cancer Biomarker Trends in Urine as a Basis for New Diagnostic Pathways

Carmen Bax et al.

CANCERS (2019)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Urine via Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry QTOF to Differentiate Between Localized and Metastatic Models of Breast Cancer

Mark Woollam et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2019)

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Article Respiratory System

The electronic nose: emerging biomarkers in lung cancer diagnostics

Wouter H. van Geffen et al.

BREATHE (2019)

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Review Oncology

Genetic alterations crossing the borders of distinct hematopoetic lineages and solid tumors: Diagnostic challenges in the era of high-throughput sequencing in hemato-oncology

Evgenii Shumilov et al.

CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ONCOLOGY HEMATOLOGY (2018)

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Review Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Cancer screening recommendations: an international comparison of high income countries

Mark H. Ebell et al.

PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEWS (2018)

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Article Oncology

Avoidable Mortality: The Core of the Global Cancer Divide

Felicia Marie Knaul et al.

JOURNAL OF GLOBAL ONCOLOGY (2018)

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Article Cell Biology

GC-MS metabolomics-based approach for the identification of a potential VOC-biomarker panel in the urine of renal cell carcinoma patients

Marcia Monteiro et al.

JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE (2017)

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Review Medical Laboratory Technology

VOC breath biomarkers in lung cancer

Yannick Saalberg et al.

CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA (2016)

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Risks Associated With Anesthesia Services During Colonoscopy

Karen J. Wernli et al.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2016)

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Article Biochemical Research Methods

Canine scent detection for the diagnosis of lung cancer in a screening-like situation

Klaus Hackner et al.

JOURNAL OF BREATH RESEARCH (2016)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A Highly Accurate Inclusive Cancer Screening Test Using Caenorhabditis elegans Scent Detection

Takaaki Hirotsu et al.

PLOS ONE (2015)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The scent of disease: volatile organic compounds of the human body related to disease and disorder

Mika Shirasu et al.

JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY (2011)

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Article Oncology

Detection of lung, breast, colorectal, and prostate cancers from exhaled breath using a single array of nanosensors

G. Peng et al.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER (2010)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

WormBook: the online review of Caenorhabditis elegans biology

Lisa R. Girard et al.

NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH (2007)

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Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Comparative chemosensation from receptors to ecology

Cornelia I. Bargmann

NATURE (2006)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effect of screening and adjuvant therapy on mortality from breast cancer

DA Berry et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2005)

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