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Article
Virology
Kimihito Ito et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has spread rapidly across the globe, with 758 confirmed cases in Denmark. Based on Danish data, the effective reproduction number of Omicron is estimated to be 3.19 times higher than that of the Delta variant. It is expected that by December 28, 2021, over 95% of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Denmark will be caused by the Omicron variant.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Ranjan K. Mohapatra et al.
Summary: The emergence of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in a massive surge in COVID-19 cases worldwide, surpassing even the Delta variant in infectivity. The simultaneous presence of Omicron and Delta variants is leading to a tsunami-like wave of high COVID-19 cases globally.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Egon A. Ozer et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance is crucial for understanding the viral population dynamics and identifying important variants. However, many regions, including Nigeria, have been under-sampled, leading to limited knowledge of circulating strains. This study sequenced 378 isolates from Nigeria and identified two locally important strains that are globally uncommon. The findings highlight the need for improved genomic surveillance worldwide.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Chengbao Ma et al.
Summary: The heavily mutated SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has raised global concern due to its emergence and rapid transmission. This study compared the infectivity, membrane fusion, and immune escape efficiency of the Omicron variant with the original strain and the Delta variant. The results showed that the Omicron variant had slightly higher infectivity and a significantly reduced fusogenicity compared to the Delta variant. Neutralization assays revealed a dramatic reduction in neutralization against the Omicron variant, but immune-boosting through three vaccine shots improved immunity against it.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Aniefiok John Udoakang et al.
Summary: A survey conducted in West Africa found that most people in the region have basic knowledge of COVID-19 and show a positive attitude towards the disease. However, these perceptions vary across countries and types of settlements.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Pascalina Chanda-Kapata et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted routine health services for Tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and Malaria in African countries, leading to gaps in prevention and treatment, as well as setbacks in global targets. Accurate country-level data is needed to gain more support for revamping health services and preparing for future pandemics.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Collins M. Morang'a et al.
Summary: This study tracks the molecular evolution and spatio-temporal dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 variants in Ghana, finding that the virus has rapidly evolved and different variants have dominated transmission at different times.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Kingsley Andrew Egbe et al.
Summary: The article provides an overview of the background and biology of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and highlights the epidemiology of the virus in Nigeria, as well as the challenges and opportunities it presents.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
(2022)
Editorial Material
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Lukman Lawal et al.
Summary: Disparities in COVID-19 vaccine coverage across the globe have revealed inequalities in global healthcare. While more than half of the population in developed countries have been fully vaccinated, only a small percentage of the African population has received even a single dose, significantly falling short of global vaccination targets. Additionally, many low and middle income African countries lack the capacity, infrastructure, logistics, and financial resources for mass vaccination efforts. This paper focuses on the causes and implications of low COVID-19 vaccine coverage in Africa and the global community, as well as discusses strategies for restructuring and strengthening COVID-19 vaccination in Africa.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Kefyalew Addis Alene et al.
Summary: This study investigated the spatial overlap and drivers of HIV, TB and malaria prevalence in Ethiopia. The results showed a high spatial concentration of HIV, TB and malaria in Ethiopia, with significant variation at different regions. The spatial distribution of these diseases was associated with healthcare access, demographic, and climatic factors.
Review
Virology
Lok Bahadur Shrestha et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is a major public health concern due to its high infectivity and antibody evasion. It has rapidly become the dominant variant worldwide and has evolved through several variants. The evolution of Omicron is thought to be influenced by zoonotic spillage, infection in immunocompromised individuals, and undiagnosed spread in the community. Current research suggests that Omicron is more infectious than the original Wuhan-Hu-1 and Delta variants, but less severe in terms of its impact on lung tissue. Vaccines have shown reduced effectiveness against Omicron, but booster shots can improve efficacy. Broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies have limited effectiveness against Omicron, with some exceptions. New variants, such as BA.4 and BA.5, are emerging and are reported to be more transmissible and resistant to immunity generated by previous variants and monoclonal antibodies.
REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Adeel A Butt et al.
Journal of Global Health
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Zhiguo Liu et al.
Summary: Sierra Leone has experienced a low level of COVID-19 epidemic with no increase in confirmed cases during three waves. The number of positive cases significantly correlated with international arrivals, deaths, and the positivity rate of tested samples. All deaths occurred during the peak of the three waves. Strengthening testing and management of people entering the country is vital.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Marko Djordjevic et al.
Summary: This study identifies the main drivers of COVID-19 transmissibility, highlighting the importance of a country's wealth/development level and indoor crowdedness. Other factors such as net migration, pollution levels, and behavioral changes due to epidemics also play a significant role in predicting transmissibility.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Melody Okereke et al.
Summary: Since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan, China, the world has witnessed rapid progress and changes, with Africa taking significant actions to curb the spread. However, rural areas in Africa are facing challenges due to misinformation and an infodemic, highlighting the need for awareness campaigns and improved health literacy in communities.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
For Yue Tso et al.
Summary: The study found a higher prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive antibodies in pre-pandemic plasma samples from SSA compared to the USA, indicating potential cross-protection due to prior exposure to other coronaviruses in SSA. The detection of nucleocapsid proteins from HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-229E in most samples suggests these viruses as the likely sources of cross-reactive antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. The low incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease in SSA may be correlated with pre-pandemic serological cross-recognition of HCoVs, which are more prevalent in SSA than the USA.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Igor Salom et al.
Summary: This study utilizes widespread growth regimes in COVID-19 detected case counts to extract the basic reproductive number R-0, using nonlinear dynamics methods, for 118 different countries. The research presents novel findings and helps to settle existing disputes, revealing correlations with climate, pollution levels, population density, and health-related factors.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jennifer Giandhari et al.
Summary: The study by NGS-SA in South Africa investigates the introduction and transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2, showing variations in epidemic spread among different provinces. The effective reproduction number (R) decreased towards 1 initially, but rose to an average of 1.39 during May 6-18, suggesting ongoing transmission. The study also highlights multiple international introductions and local infections in the early stages of the epidemic.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Houriiyah Tegally et al.
Summary: The article describes a newly emerged lineage of SARS-CoV-2, 501Y.V2, characterized by eight mutations in the spike protein, which may result in increased transmissibility or immune escape. This lineage originated in South Africa and quickly became dominant in Eastern Cape, Western Cape, and KwaZuluNatal provinces within weeks.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Houriiyah Tegally et al.
Summary: The study identified 16 new lineages of SARS-CoV-2 in South Africa between March and August 2020, with unique mutations not found elsewhere. Three lineages (B.1.1.54, B.1.1.56, and C.1) dominated during the country's first wave, accounting for approximately 42% of all infections. The C.1 lineage, with 16 nucleotide mutations including the D614G spike protein change, became the most geographically widespread by August 2020. Genomic surveillance played a crucial role in identifying the 501Y.V2 variant in South Africa in December 2020.
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jean Marie Milleliri et al.
Summary: The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was found to be high among gold miners and administrative staff in Ivory Coast, suggesting that the burden of infection in West Africa may have been underestimated.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
(2021)
News Item
Critical Care Medicine
Talha Khan Burki
LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Shi Zhao et al.
Summary: This study analyzed the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 variants in Nigeria using a mathematical model, finding that both Alpha and Eta variants exhibited transmission advantages, with Eta slightly more infectious than Alpha. The study emphasized the critical importance of COVID-19 control measures in mitigating the outbreak size and easing the burden on healthcare systems in Nigeria.
JOURNAL OF GLOBAL HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Francine Ntoumi et al.
Summary: This study conducted whole-genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 in samples from Congolese individuals, identifying the GH clade and two separate introductions of the virus into the Republic of Congo based on lineage B1 and Nextclade 20A and 20C. The findings contribute valuable information on SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the central African region.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Pathology
Manoucher Teymouri et al.
Summary: RT-PCR techniques are crucial for diagnosing COVID-19, but face challenges such as high false-negative and false-positive rates, necessitating improvements to enhance overall sensitivity. Advances like RT-LAMP help overcome some barriers to RT-PCR testing, while immunodiagnostic tests can prevent incorrect interpretations of RT-PCR results.
PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Emeka Francis Okonji et al.
Summary: Factors contributing to the low COVID-19 infection and case fatality rates in African countries may include low testing rate, poor documentation of cause of death, younger age population, good vitamin D status, cross-immunity from other viruses, and lessons learnt from other infectious diseases. With the emergence of new variants and insufficient vaccine rollout, an innovative and efficient response is needed to enhance testing and accurate reporting to mitigate the spread of the infection.
TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
E. Bonnet et al.
Summary: This article analyses the epidemiological evolution of COVID-19 in seven Francophone West African countries and the public health measures implemented during the first 7 months of the pandemic. The countries reacted quickly to the crisis and implemented public measures in a relatively homogeneous manner. With varying attack rates, they began lifting certain restrictive measures at the end of June 2020. Further research is needed to better understand the dynamics of the pandemic in West Africa and evaluate state responses.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Benido Impouma et al.
Summary: Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone, the three West African countries at the centre of the Ebola outbreak, implemented rapid readiness and response measures in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, which may have been influenced by lessons learned from the devastating Ebola epidemic.
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sara Jerving
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Abdoulie Kanteh et al.
Summary: The study provided genomic data on the first six cases of SARS-CoV-2 in The Gambia to determine the sources of infection and their role in local transmission. The results showed that SARS-CoV-2 viruses in the region originated from Europe and Asia, with different strains carried by travelers on the same flight.
Review
Reproductive Biology
Osman A. Dufailu et al.
Summary: Studies have found that African women have lower incidence and mortality rates of COVID-19, possibly due to their higher estrogen levels, which can provide protection against the virus. Differences in race, age, and access to contraception may also play a role in the disease outcomes.
JOURNAL OF OVARIAN RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Petra Mlcochova et al.
Summary: The B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant of SARS-CoV-2 has lower sensitivity to antibodies and higher replication efficiency compared to other lineages, which may contribute to its dominance and reduced vaccine effectiveness, highlighting the need for continued infection control measures post-vaccination.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Mustapha Mohammed et al.
Summary: Among patients with COVID-19 in Africa, older age, presence of chronic disease, travel history, and the locations of Central Africa and West Africa were identified as independent risk factors significantly associated with increased mortality.
JOURNAL OF RACIAL AND ETHNIC HEALTH DISPARITIES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Chih-Cheng Lai et al.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2020)
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Melisa Martinez-Alvarez et al.
LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH
(2020)
News Item
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Paul Adepoju
Article
Biology
Hemaho B. Taboe et al.
MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES
(2020)
Article
Biology
Jon C. Emery et al.
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
B. Tinto et al.
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2020)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Kathleen Mudie et al.
JOURNAL OF GLOBAL HEALTH
(2019)